自考英语二题型串讲及解析.docx

1、自考英语二题型串讲及解析课程介绍一、课程基本内容本课程在完成英语（一）课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统英语语言知识，包括正确英语语音知识、系统英语语法知识和一定词汇量(4500)，并熟悉英语语言表达方式。二、命题英语（二）命题按照标准化测试要求设计。命题广度和难度依据本大纲规定知识范围和能力要求确定。部分命题素材取自英语（二）自学教程。统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分55%和45%。试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。现对试卷内容及结构分别说明如下：第一部分 阅读

2、判断该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达概念或细节，推断隐含表达内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间关系和语篇结构。该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料，根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解关键词，用汉语注明词义。所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁。该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文基础上，对给出10个句子所表达信息作出判断，有信息是正确，有是错误，有文中没有提到。该部分共10小题。每小题1分，共计10分。特别提示：与以往英语（二）阅读理解设题形式相比，该题更注重文章中细节。与四六级06年改革后新题型

3、中快速阅读最初形式类似（Yes，No, Not given）。第二部分 阅读选择该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章基本结构；理解文中说明要点事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断；根据上下文推断生词释义；领会作者意图、观点和态度。该部分选用1篇长度350词左右短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词中文释义。短文后设有5个题目，要求考生从每题后4个备选项中选出最佳选项。该部分共5小题。每小题2分，共计10分。特别提示：与以往英语（二）阅读理解设题形式基本相同。第三部分 概括段落大意和补全句子该部分包括1篇短文（400词左右）和2项任务：概括段落大意和补全句

4、子。其中概括段落大意部分旨在考查考生宏观把握文章结构、概括段落大意和提取关键信息能力。任务设有5或6个概括句或小标题，这些标题或文字分别是对文章各段落概括和阐述，其中1个为干扰项，要求考生根据文章内容选出最恰当段落大意或小标题。补全句子部分主要考查考生定位查找关键信息能力。该任务设有5或6个不完整句子和6或7个备选项（1个干扰项），所填内容一般为名词短语、动宾短语、形容词结构、非谓语形式或简短从句等，要求考生把符合题意选项填入空格，完成每个句子。该部分共10小题。每小题1分，共计10分。特别提示：与以往英语（二）阅读理解设题形式，更注重读者概括总结能力。补全句子部分需特别关注句子结构特征。第四

5、部分 填句补文该部分主要考查考生对文章语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）识辨能力以及把握文章结构能力。要求考生从整体上把握文章逻辑结构和内容上联系，理解句子之间、段落之间关系，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句能力。该部分选用1篇总长度约400词短文，所选材料多是观点鲜明、条理清楚说明文或议论文。要求考生在理解文章整体结构以及段落之间、单句之间关系基础上，从所给6个备选项中选出对应5项（1个干扰项）。该部分共5小题。每小题2分，共计10分。特别提示：所需填句子起着承上启下作用，故应特别关注空格处句子与前后句之间衔接关系。第五部分 填词补文该部分考查考生对文章及语篇中词汇理解能力。所选短文一般为250

6、300词，题材涉及科普知识、社会热点等。短文中留出10个词汇空格，要求考生从所给12个备选单词中选择符合上下文语境词汇填入相应空白处，使短文意思通顺、表达正确，2个非正确选项具有强干扰性。考查词汇主要涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词等。短文首句不设置空格，两个空格之间会有一定间隔，以保证考生对篇章正确理解。该部分共10小题。每小题1.5分，共计15分。特别提示：类似于四六级考试中阅读理解第一部分选词填空（即15选10），更注重句子结构分析。第六部分 完形补文该部分考查考生综合理解和运用语言能力。要求考生准确掌握词语拼写，熟练掌握派生、屈折变化等构词方法；具备语篇分析能力，能够通过上下文意义和文章结

7、构对具体词语意义、词性、时体和情态等方面应用作出有效分析。短文选自英语国家大众报纸杂志，内容涉及传记、社会文化、日常知识、科普常识等常见话题。该部分要求考生在通读l篇约150词短文（被删除10个单词）基础上，将与空白处对应提示词转换成适当词汇形式填入文中，使短文意义完整、语法正确。该部分共10小题。每小题1.5分，共计15分。特别提示：类似于以往考试中词性转换形式，注重句子成分分析，同时注意上下文连贯性。第七部分 短文写作该部分考查考生书面表达能力。要求考生根据所给情境写出不少于150词（不计算标点符号）文章。提供情境形式有图画、图表、文字等。考生需要就具体或一般性抽象话题进行描述、阐释或说明

8、，用词恰当，表达通顺；能正确反映客观情况，表达自己观点：能准确使用所学语言知识，根据写作要求清楚、有条理、连贯地表达自己意思。该部分1个题目，30分。特别提示：新增考项。特别注重考生词汇应用能力和基本句型表达能力。特别关注各种体裁作文格式及常用句型，全面提高语言表达能力。三、考试本课程考试采用闭卷方式，统考采用笔试。考试时间为150分钟。试卷满分为100分，60分及格。本课程考试采用统一设计答题卡。考生必须将所有试题答案按要求填涂和书写在答题卡对应位置。各题型详解以大纲样题和三套自测题为例讲解第一部分：阅读判断（第110题，每题1分，共10分）下面短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句

9、子作出判断：如果该句提供是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供是错误信息，选择B；如果该句信息文中没有提及，选择C，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）When We Are Asleep Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（回忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickl

10、y. In an average night of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in t

11、he brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including

12、dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the D state. Babies experience the D state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with in

13、cidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the cast of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind f

14、rom birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In normal dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.

15、This type of dream is called a lucid （清醒) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.1. Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.A. True B. Fa

16、lse C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】根据第一段第一句话Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely.可知，该说法正确。注意题干表述是对原文某些句子同义转述，如cannot代替了never，remember代替了recall。2. In an average night of eight hours sleep, males dream longer than females.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】C【解析】

17、根据题干中in an average night of eight hours sleep可以快速定位在第一段第三句话：In an average night of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.这里没有对男性和女性做梦时间进行对比，故应该选择没有提及。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评成绩！【单选题】Decid

18、e whether the statement is True, False or Not Given according to the following passage: The first cooked food was probably cooked by a forest fire or volcano.1 The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know

19、, however, that for thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and raw. Perhaps the first cooked food was heated accidentally by a forest fire or by the molten lava from an erupting volcano. No doubt, when people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However, even

20、after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity until man learned how to make and control fire.2 Early peoples who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun to cook their food. For example, in the desert areas o the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their fo

21、od by placing it on a flat stone in the hot sun. They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this fashion.A TrueB FalseC Not Given【答案】A【解析】本题考查阅读判断技巧之在原文中快速定位（序）数词等关键词。根据题干中关键词first和food可以把答案定位在第一段，根据第一段第三句话Perhaps the first cooked food was heated accidentally by a forest fire or by th

22、e molten lava from an erupting volcano.可知该说法是正确，故选A。【知识点】阅读判断技巧之在原文中快速定位（序）数词等关键词3. When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】根据题干中electrical waves in our brains 可以快速定位在第二段前两句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a drea

23、m by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly.4. Without the help of instruments, scientists cannot tell whether someone is dreaming or not.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】根据题干中instruments可以定位在第二段，前三句话：Scientists c

24、an detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looki

25、ng at some moving objects.此处列举了科学家判断人是否做梦时依据。这里明确指出需要借助仪器是检测脑电波，而观察呼吸、心跳和眼动，不一定要借助仪器。因此，并不是没有仪器，科学家就无法判断一个人是否做梦。5. Only mammals have dreams when they are asleep. A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】根据题干中mammals可以定位在第二段第四句话These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, inclu

26、ding dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物).从句子结构and also可以判断also后birds和reptiles不属于mammals范围，这三个名词并列。小贴士：过于绝对说法往往是错误，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等句子要仔细斟酌。6. Babies dream less than older children.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】根据

27、题干中babies可以定位在第二段最后两句话：This period of sleep is called the D state. Babies experience the D state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.此处this period of sleep和上句，即These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cat

28、s, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles.中主语these signs of dreaming是顺承关系，故this period of sleep就是dreaming，D state就是做梦时候。最后一句讲到婴儿睡眠时间50%都是D state，到了10岁后就下降到了25%。很显然，婴儿做梦比较大孩子要多而不是less。7. Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】C【解

29、析】本题是关于梦境内容，可以定位在第三段前半部分Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the cast of our dream dramas ar

30、e friends and relations.这里提到梦里人大多是我们认识人，大约2/3人是朋友或亲戚，没有提到是我们一起从小玩大朋友。8. Now we can detect what dreamers dream about by using modern equipment.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】C【解析】第三段讲到梦形式及梦中人物和梦呈现方式（vision视觉，sound听觉，touch触觉），故第三段主要讲梦内容是什么，但没有涉及这些结论是如何获得。9. We do not often have the sense of tast

31、e in dreams.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】根据题干中taste可以定位在第三段倒数第三句Sound and touch（听觉和触觉） are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste（嗅觉和味觉） are not frequently involved.本题中often和原文中frequently属同义替换。10. Some people can be conscious that they are dreaming in their dreams.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】根据题干中conscious可以定位在第四段However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a lucid （清醒) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. O