1、初中英语一般现在时一 般 现 在 时 讲 解 和 练 习一、 定义:一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 例:(1).表示事物或人物的特征、状态。The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 (2).表示经常性或习惯性的动作。I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 (3).表示客观现实。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时常用时间状语、时间副词in the morning/afternoon/eveningevery week (day, year, month)on
2、Sundays (Monday, Tuesday)at night, once a week,. always总是, usually通常, often经常, sometimes有时, never从不三、用法: 1肯定句:(1)句中有be(am,is,are)和情态动词时,1be动词时,主语是I时要用am,主语是you时要用are,其他用is。2是情态动词时,后面的动词用原型3例:I am a student.You are very beautiful.She is my best friend.He can do his homework by himself.(2)没有be(am,is,
3、are)动词和情态动词:主语为第三人称单数(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的,动词要按规则加上s或es;主语是复数可数名词的肯定句,动词用原形。 例:She(He, It )likes fish. 她(他,它)喜欢鱼。(主语为第三人称单数) The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。(主语为单数可数名词) Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.水在100度沸腾。(主语为不可数名词) They go to school every day .他们每天都去上学。(主语是复数可数名词的,动词用原形)注意的问题:第三人称单数以和
4、第三人称单数时动词的变化规则在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下: 1、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing
5、is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 3、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。 4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等和指示代词this, that作
6、主语时,是第三人称单数。如: Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 6、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: 6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。 I is a letter.
7、I是个字母。 动词+s的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, make-makesruns gets likes collets takes plays climbs2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 方法与发音:1.一般情况下,直接加 -s eg. works, plays, rains, sees 2.以 sh, ch, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后加 eseg.
8、washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes3.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的,先把 y 改成 i, 再加 -eseg. studies, flies, carries注意: 动词加 -s 以后的读音.动词加-s后的读音1.在p t k f 等清辅音后, 发清辅音 /s/ eg. helps, works, likes, hates ,laughs2.在浊辅音和元音后, 发浊辅音 /z/eg. drives, cleans, plays3.在s z t d后, 发 /iz/rises, wishes, teaches, urges4.在t d后,发 /ts/ /dz/eg.
9、 fits, sets, needs5. 其他情况下发zeg. plans, cries, shows 练习1v1Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.vA work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; workv2One of the boys_ a black hat.vA have B there is C there are D hasv3Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.vA like; listen B li
10、kes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listenv4. Jenny_ English every evening.vA has study B studies C study D studiedv5. The teachers _(speak) English in class.v6. The teacher _(speak) English in class.2. 否定句: (1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not, I
11、am not a teacher. He can not fly . (2) 句中没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句,在动词原形前加does + not (doesnt)。 He doesnt like cats. (3)句中没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为复数可数名词的否定句,在动词原形前加do + not (dont)。 They dont go to school on Sundays. 练习2v1.
12、 The cat _(not like) you.v2.Brian (not live) in China.v3.The picture _ nice.vA. dont look B. is looked vC. doesnt look D. is lookingv4. I have many books.(改为否定句)_v5.厦门不下雪。_v6.她不看新闻。_v7.我妈妈不喜欢吃肉_3疑问句: (1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 由肯定句变为一般疑问句的步骤: . 把
13、be 动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)提前。 .大写和小写的转换,句首的第一个字母要大写。 .句末要加问号。 例:肯定句:She is a student . 疑问句:Is she a student ? 肯定句: He can swim. 疑问句:Can he swim? . 疑问句的回答:用什么问就用什么来回答。 Is she a student ? Yes, she is . No,she isnt.Can you swim? Yes, I can . Yes, I cant. (2) 句中如果没有be动词(am , i
14、s , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为第三人称单数(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的疑问句要用does 来提问。即在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形 例:Does he like Chinese? 他喜欢汉语吗? Yes, he does. 是的,他喜欢(汉语)。 Does a dog eat meat? 狗吃肉吗? No, it doesnt. 不,它不吃(肉)。 (3) 句中如果没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为复数可数名词的疑
15、问句要用do 来提问。 Do you like monkeys? No, we dont. Do students study Englsih ? Yes , they do. 同时还要注意在肯定句变成否定句时,若是遇I/weyou, myyour. Someany. 句号问号(?)Does your cat eat any fruits? 你的猫吃水果吗?练习3v1._she _ (do) the housework every day? v2. Does Jenny (has) a good friend?vYes, she _. (have) No. she _. (not have)v
16、3. _ you study English at school?Yes, I _ (do).v4._ your sister study English at school?No, she_ (do) v5. She lives in a small town near New York.(改为一般疑问句)_v6.我每天都必须来吗?_v7.你爸爸每天早上都看报纸吗?_4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 相应的人称/ + 其他 do + 人称 + 动词原形 + 其他What/Where/Who/When/Which/why/how/whose + am/is/are + 相
17、应的人称/名词 + 其他What/Where/Who/When/Which/why/how/whose + do/does + 相应的人称/名词+ 动词原形 + 其他vWho are you? 你是谁?vWhy is your mother so busy?v你妈妈为什么这么忙?vHow are you? /is your dad? 你好吗?你爸好吗?vWhat does he do everyday?v他每天做什么?vWhen does your father go to work every day?v你爸爸每天什么时候去上班?vWho studies very hard in our c
18、lass?v我们班谁学习非常努力?vWhich computer games do you like?v你喜欢那种电脑游戏?练习题4v1. Where _you_ (have) lunch every day?v2. Who_(想要 )to go swimming?v3. Why _ Tom absent today? (be)v4. I often play football on Friday afternoon? 就划线部分提问 _v5. Lily waters the flowers everyday. _v6.为什么她每天都那么早去上学? _v7.他带的是谁的眼镜? _课后巩固练习题
19、(完成时间:20分钟)一、按照要求改写句子 1This is my pencil ? (变一般疑问句)2. These red socks are Kates . (变一般疑问句) 3. I want to buy a big green bag . (变特殊疑问句 )4. Mary does not have any books . (变肯定句)5. The clothing shop is on sale . (变为否定句) 6. She likes the black bag very much . (变为否定句) 7. I buy the pants for only 50 Yuan.
20、 (用she改写句子) 8. Its an English dictionary . (对画线部分提问) 9. Lily and Lucy are fifteen years old now . (对画线部分提问) 10. Her dog is 2 years and 5 months old . (变为否定句) 11. I usually get up at seven oclock . (用he改写句子) 12. He often has hamburger and apples for dinner . (变为一般疑问句) 13. My family always like thrill
21、ers . (对画线部分提问) 14. Janes sister wants to see the comedy . (变为一般疑问句) 15. Maria and Jack come to this school on Monday .(对画线部分提问) 二、完成句子 1. 他每天六点钟起床。 He _ _ _ six every morning. 2. 小明经常去远足。 Xiao Ming _ _ hiking. 3. 她总是在星期天看望爷爷奶奶。She _ _her grandparents on Sundays. 4. Sandy周末上学吗? _ Sandy _ _school on
22、weekends? 5. 他什么时候去上班? When _ he go to _? 6. 李云喜欢秋天,不喜欢冬天。 Li Yun _ autumn, but he _ like winter. 7. 今天的天气怎么样? Whats the _ like _? 8. 她有电脑吗? _ she _ a computer? 9. Sue 有一本有趣的故事书。 Sue _ _ an _ _ book. 三、be动词填空。 1. _you Li Fen ? No, _ not . 2. _ Mr. green very busy? Yes , he _. 3. He must _ at home .
23、4. Comedy _ very interesting . 5. What _ class you in ? 6. You and I _ good friends . 7. His friends_ very funny . 8. The twins _ very happy because they want to go to a movie . 9. Our class_ big , but their class _ small . 10. The basketball club_ exciting and fun . 四用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. My classmate _
24、 (know) the man on the bike . 2. His sister usually _ (go) to school at 7:00 am . 3. Lin Tao _ (like) his new sweater . 4. Let me _ (have) a look . 5. Lets _ (play) tennis ! 6. he _ (like) English ? 7. I want _ (go) to a movie . 8. He _ (not know)the teachers name . 9. Nice _ (meet) you ! 10. Can I
25、_ (ask) the policeman ? 11. _ (sit) down and _ (have) a cup of tea . 12. _ (not look) at your book ! 13. you _ (can see)the bananas on the table ? 14. I need _ (buy ) some new clothes . 15. She likes _ (play) chess . 英语冷笑话(二)Money doesnt grow on trees. But it grows at our branches. (某银行广告)Child: Mummy, can I get out to play?Mother: With those holes in your trousers?Child: No, with the girl next door.谐音“笑”果A bicycle cant stand on its own because it is two-tyred. (too tired)
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