英语时态结构时间状语与频度副词概要.docx

1、英语时态结构时间状语与频度副词概要不同时态的时间状语：(对应之前表格中的基本形式)(一) 一般将来时next, tomorrow, in+时间, 1.I will /shall go to school next week/in a mouth/tomorrow.译：我下周/一个月内/明天要去学校。2.I am going to wash the clothes next week/in a mouth/tomorrow.译：我下周/一个月内/明天要洗衣服(二) 一般现在时every , sometimes,at , on Sundays, once a week, always, usual

2、ly, often, never.1表示 平时习惯性，常常做的动作；例：I get up early every day.(我每天早早起床)每天习惯做的事情2.陈述不可改变的真理，如地球绕着太阳转。例：The earth goes round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)可以看做地球习惯性的常做的动作(三) 现在进行时 now, Listen! Look! these days. 1. He is cleaning the windows now他正在擦玻璃现在，调整语序为：他现在正在擦玻璃。2. Listen!Mr Smith is singing in the classroom.听

3、，史密斯先生正在教室唱歌。3. My mother is learning English these days.我的妈妈这几天在学英语。（几天内一直在持续进行的动作。）(四) 一般过去时yesterday, last week(year, month, day.), (an hour, a few minutes.) ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, after, later, before. when 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，状语从句中的“主将从现”原则（即主句将来时，从句一般现在时）。1.I visited the old man alo

4、ne yesterday.昨天我独自去看望了那位老大爷。2.We had a final exam last week.我们上周举行了期末考试。3.He waved his hand a few minutes ago.几分钟前，他挥了下他的手。4.（travel on business/be on a business trip出差）例：The manager traveled on business 经理几天前出差去了。 不久前某天，几天前5.（四） 过去进行时（was/were doing something） At +过去时间点（that time， 5 oclock.), yeste

5、rday afternoon(morning.) , this morning, 昨天下午 今天上午 整个上午 一整天yesterday, from nine to ten last evening(昨天晚上九到十点) when, while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句. 1.I was watching TV at 5 oclock.(5点的时候，我正在看电视)2.She was playing the piano the whole morning/all day.她整个上午/一整天都在弹钢琴。4. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，而while所引导的状语

6、从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：When the car exploded I was walking past it.指在走过这辆车的持续性过程中，发生了一个瞬间的短暂性的动作，即汽车爆炸。When 后面从句谓语动词用exploded = While I was walking past ，the car exploded.注：while 后面从句谓语动词常用延续性动词，如walking,由于这个事件已发生，用过去进行的，表示当我经过时，这辆车爆炸了，和when引导的句子意思相同。3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动

7、作发生了。如：I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。4.when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：1）I was a walk when I him.taking a walk延续性动词 短暂性动词我正在散步，突然遇见了他。2）We were playing outside when it began to rain. When 后面的从句动词常用短暂性动词我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。（五）现在完成时for, since, e

8、ver, already, just, yet, never, till/until, up to now, in past years, so far,recentlywhen和while引导时间状语从句的区别：when表示“当的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。例如：Mary was having dinner when I saw her.The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday m

9、orning.When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.while表示“在的时候”、“在期间” 、“一边一边”。while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。例如：The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.She called while I was out.I was drawing while my brother was reading.He likes reading a newspaper w

10、hile he is waiting for the bus.如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。例如：While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.Dont talk so loud while others are working.有时when 和while 可以转换使用。例如：The girl was watching TV when the alien got in.when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。（一）、when，while都有“当时候”

11、的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。2、Were you writing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。（二）、

12、while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。2、You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。（三）、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如：1、While the

13、y were talking , the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作通过观察，我们可以这样理解：when引导的从句里动作发生的时间相对主句动作发生的时间要短些；while引导的从句里的动作发生的时间相对主句而言更长些。引申讲解：When，While，As引导时间状语从句的区别when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以

14、和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？Sorry，I was out when you called me（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。 The students took notes as they listened（listen为延续性动词）学生们

15、边听课边做笔记。二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。1从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。When I got to the airport，the guests had left（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。2从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可用。When

16、While As we were dancing，a stranger came in（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。When While As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。3当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。 As the time went on，the weather got worse（as表示“随着”之意） The atm

17、osphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。The little girls sang as they went小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。The sad mothersaton the roadside，shouting as she was crying伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。4在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。You s

18、hall borrow the book when I have finished reading it在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。三、when用于表示“一就”的句型中（指过去的事情）。sbhad hardly（scarcely） done sthwhenHardly Scarcely had sbdone sthwhenI had hardly scarcely closed my eyes wh

19、en someone knocked at the doorHardly Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。I had hardly scarcely entered my room when the telephone rangHardly Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。Whenwhileas的区别when是at or during the time that, 既指时

20、间点，也可指一段时间；while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变

21、主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking, the teacher came in.b. They were singing while we were dancing.when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如：a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。b. He is strong while his brother is weak.他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。