十二时态讲解及练习.docx

1、十二时态讲解及练习 【第一层：一般现在时】1) 陈述、疑问或者感叹习惯性的、经常性的动作或状态。常见时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等。2）陈述、疑问或者感叹状态、性质、特征、能力等等而“不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。如： He can speak French. My sister is always ready to help others.3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。如： The sun rises in the e

2、ast.4) 一些与go类似的动词及其它少量动词，可用于一般现在时，表示按计划或者推断要发生的动作。此类动词常见有：arrive ,be , begin , come , close , depart , dine , end , go , leave , open , return , sail , start , stop等。如：The train leaves at 10:05 a.m.5)一般现在时还常用于现场解说、新闻标题，“描述”、“报道”事实。6) EN语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将要发生的动作。如： If the r

3、ain stops , they will leave.该时态谓语动词的变化形式是：实义动词用于单数第三人称作主语时，词末要加-s或-es, 用于其它各人称时则用动词原形。系动词用于单数第一人称作主语时，用am; 用于单数第三人称作主语时，用is; 用于其它各人称作主语时，用are. 另外，实义动词have用于单数第三人称作主语时，要用has, 其它各人称作主语时，用原形。【第二层：一般过去时】描述在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作，此点在表达意义上与一般现在时类似，只是所在的时间区不同而已。一般过去时为V-ed形式，助动词为did. 常和

4、一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week , month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , ) “过去”的时间概念有两层意思：一是指“现在某个时间”以前的时间；二是指“说话、写文章的那个时间点”以前的时间。【第三层：一般将来时】描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说

5、的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。其表示方法主要有以下几种：1）shall / will + 动词原形，表示动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生，不受主观性干扰。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式，表示A）说话人的意图、打算；B）某种可能性 。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in Hawaii. B) It is going to rain soon .3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示：据计划安排要发生的动作，此动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令

6、他人做某事。例如： A) The new museum is to open to the public in three days. B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。其主要强调按计划安排要发生的事。（参见一般现在时第四点）【第四层：过去将来时】表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。常用于： A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）

7、表示过去情况中的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。例如：A) Lisa told me that she would go on a trip to Europe the next day. B) During that journey , he would walk every day.C) No matter how difficult the question was , he would keep on doing it until he worked out it .该时态谓语动词的变化形式是：A) would动词原形；B) was /weregoing to动词原形； C) come,go

8、,leave,arrive,start等词可用过去进行时表示过去将来时；D) 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。【第五层：现在进行时】描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作，或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。如： He is preparing for CET Band Six. 3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一

9、般现在时”所描述的情况。如： He is always ready to help others.4）表示在近期据计划安排要发生的动作，用于这种情况仅限少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear等。（参见一般将来时第四点）【第六层：过去进行时】在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。

10、需要指出：这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，如：At this moment yesterday, I was doing my homework at home. 2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景，此点要求你平时看原版名著时要注意积累这样的印象。3)（限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。如：We left there when its getting dark.【第七层：将来进行时】表示：A）在将来某时候正在进行的动作；B）预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作，在这里，将来进行时与一般将来时很接近，但是前者强调动作“按计划安排要发生；间

11、或也表示委婉、客气”，而后者只表示“动作会在未来时间发生”。如： A）What will you be doing tomorrow morning? B）We shall be meeting at the zoo .【第八层：现在完成时】发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成，可能还要延续，它侧重于动作对现在造成的影响、带来的结果等。A）表示截止现在已完成的动作，如We havent met for many years .B）表示发生在过去而对现在造成影响、带来结果的动作。如I have grown up.C）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续。如So far weve only

12、learned the first five lessons.【第九层：过去完成时】在过去某个特定时间以前发生的动作，一直延续到那个特定时间刚刚结束，或还要继续延续。此动作决不延续到现在。在一般情况下，我们不会起句就用过去完成时，而往往是在交代了过去的某个特定时间以后，根据需要和可能才选用过去完成时的。A) 两个动作都发生在过去，要强调它们的先后，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；如果不强调它们的先后，则都用一般过去时。B) 有时用过去完成时来追述或补述更早发生的事。如：I had planed to make a trip to Europe. But now Ive dec

13、ided to go to the US instead. C) 过去完成时也用于间接引语和虚拟语气的句子中。【第十层：将来完成时】在未来某一时间已完成的动作。在含这一时态的句子里，常以短语或句子来交代这个将来时间。如：By the end of November I shall have had my book published.【第十一层：现在完成进行时】过去的某个动作延续到现在刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续；现在完成进行时主要侧重于动作的连续性、不间断性。如：Weve been waiting for you the whole morning.【第十二层：过去完成进行时】在过去某一特定时

14、间以前发生的动作并一直持续到这个特定时间，或是刚刚结束，或是还要延续。，此动作决不会延续到现在。如： I didnt know what he had been doing all these days.点拨：1)运用时态时不应完全受制于语法规则，而应依说话人表达的意思或者逻辑来准确选用。2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。3) 非持续性动词不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有：be , believe , co

15、nsist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。不过，Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。如： He is being childish .4）现在完成时的时间状语注意： A.使用现在完成时的句子里，不宜带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yeste

16、rday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和诸如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , notyet , always等等连用。B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不宜用现在完成时。另外，ago不宜用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示“以前”的意义，因为它只表示“以前”，而不知何时的以前。C. 瞬间动词（非延续性动词）用于现在完成时的句子，不可和以for表示

17、的“一段时间”连用。在这种情况下，应该用“It has been since”的句式来表达。如： He has joined the army for five years. （F）It has been five years since he joined the army. （T）练习：( ) 1. Where is the morning paper? I _ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 2. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Wil

18、l there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park

19、.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going

20、 to have( ) 8. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost( ) 9. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning( ) 10. Did you expect Frank to come

21、 to the party? No, but I had hoped .A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come( ) 11. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned( )12. Come on in, Peter, I want show you something. Oh, how nic

22、e of you! I you to bring me a gift.A. didnt think, were going B. hadnt thought, were goingC. never think, are going D. never thought, were going( ) 13.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked( ) 14. The reporte

23、r said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel( ) 15. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ”A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinki

24、ng D. have just thought( ) 16. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _already _to hospital. A. has; been sent B had; sent C has; sent D had; been sent( )17. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came

25、 D left; had come( )18. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying ( ) 19. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see ( ) 20. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more . A.

26、hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live( ) 21. Your job _ open for your return . -Thanks . A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept( ) 22.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous . She _ before .A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. was

27、nt flying ( ) 23.-Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Dont forget it !-OK. I _ . A. wont B. dont C. will D. do ( )24. Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_.A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours beforeC. has left about two hours ago D. had left about tw

28、o hours before( )25. When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had( )26. She _in this school _the past ten years.A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since C.would teach, for D. has been teaching, for( )27. - I _ so busily recently

29、 that I _ no time to help you with your math. - Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had( )28. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. writ

30、e( )29 .- I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself. A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to( )30. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play( )31. I first met Tom 10 ye

31、ars ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working( )32. - What _ when I phoned you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished( )33. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house. A.save B.are saving