EnglishbytheNumbers复习课程.docx

1、EnglishbytheNumbers复习课程1、作者：蒋志华 市场调查与预测，中国统计出版社 2002年8月 11-2市场调查分析书面报告（3） 年龄优势经常光顾 偶尔会去 不会去我们从小学、中学到大学，学的知识总是限制在一定范围内，缺乏在商业统计、会计，理财税收等方面的知识；也无法把自己的创意准确而清晰地表达出来，缺少个性化的信息传递。对目标市场和竞争对手情况缺乏了解，分析时采用的数据经不起推敲，没有说服力等。这些都反映出我们大学生创业知识的缺乏；月生活费 人数（频率） 百分比这里有营业员们向顾客们示范着制作各种风格炯异的饰品，许多顾客也是学得不亦乐乎。据介绍，经常光顾“碧芝”的都是些希望

2、得到世界上“独一无二”饰品的年轻人，他们在琳琅满目的货架上挑选，然后亲手串连，他们就是偏爱这种的方式，完全自助在现场，有上班族在里面精挑细选成品，有细心的小女孩在仔细盘算着用料和价钱，准备自己制作的原料。可以想见，用本来稀奇的原料，加上别具匠心的制作，每一款成品都必是独一无二的。而这也许正是自己制造所能带来最大的快乐吧。我们长期呆在校园里，对社会缺乏了解，在与生意合作伙伴应酬方面往往会遇上困难，更不用说商业上所需经历的一系列繁琐手续。他们我们可能会在工商局、税务局等部门的手续中迷失方向。对具体的市场开拓缺乏经验与相关的知识，缺乏从职业角度整合资源、实行管理的能力；新材料手工艺品。目前，国际上传

3、统的金银、仿金银制成饰品的销售在逐步下降，与此形成鲜明对比的是，数年以前兴起的崇尚然风格、追求个性的自制饰品-即根据自己的创意将各种材质的饰珠，用皮、布、金属等线材串出的品，正在各国的女性中大行其道。（1） 政策优势二、大学生DIY手工艺制品消费分析English by the Numbers Unit 1 1. Numbers, Decimals and FractionsHundredsThousandsFractions & DecimalsQuizThis Unit prepares students to understand andclearly express small and

4、 large numbers, as wellas fractions, decimals and percents.Sample Languagenumbersfive hundred and eighteen (518), sixty-three thousandfour hundred and twelve (63,412), seven hundred andseventy thousand (770,000)decimalsfive one-thousandths (.005), one point zero five(1.05), point eight five percent

5、(.85%)fractionsone-fifth (1/5), twelve and an eighth (12 1/8), three-fiftieths (3/50)Key Sentences & ExamplesThese numbers are all greater than one hundred and lessthan one thousand.Be careful not to confuse teen numbers such as thirteenwith ty numbers such as thirty.Five hundred eighteen. Three hun

6、dred eighty.These numbers are all greater than one thousand and lessthan one million.Nine thousand seven hundred forty-three. Ninety-seventhousand four hundred thirty-six. Nine hundred seventy-four thousand, three hundred and sixty-one.Sometimes the number nine thousand seven hundredforty-three is r

7、ead as ninety-seven hundred and forty-three.Here are some fractions. One-half, one-third, one-fourth.One-fiftieth, one-hundredth, one-thousandth.Here are some decimal fractions and percents. Pointfive. One point zero five. Zero point one percent.For very small numbers, such as 0.00001, you can read

8、itas one point zero times ten to the minus fifth.English by the Numbers Unit 2 2. Numerical Operations and RelationsNumerical OperationsNumerical RelationsQuizThis Unit prepares students to understand andclearly express small and large numbers, as wellas fractions, decimals and percents.Sample Langu

9、agenumerical operationsa plus b equals c, a divided by b, the nth root of x, xsquared, twice the sum of a and b, fifty percent morethan fournumerical relationsthe second largest number, the third smallest number, thedifference between the two largest numbers, half the sumof the smallest and largest

10、numbersKey Sentences & ExamplesThe sum of a and b is c; or a plus b equals c. Thedifference of c and b is a; or c minus b is equal to a.Here we have a times b equals x; or a multiplied by b isx. In this example, we have the sum of a and bmultiplied by c. In this example, a is divided by b; or aover

11、b. This is the nth root of x. For example, the squareroot of four is the second root of four, which is two.Here we have the cube root of eight, or the third root ofeight, which is two. This is x to the nth. For n equal totwo, we say x squared. For n equal to three, we say xcubed, or x to the third.T

12、ake the sum of two plus six and divide it by two.Multiply the sum of a plus b by fifteen and divide theresult by a times b. What number is the sum of eighty-five and five? What is two to the fourth? What is twentypercent more than ten? If x is fifty percent more thanfour, what is x? Which of these f

13、ive numbers is thesmallest? Which numbers are the two largest numbers?Which number is ten percent of the largest number?Which number is equal to the difference between thelargest and smallest numbers?English by the Numbers Unit 33. Related ChangesPart 1Home BuyersSample GraphsSample LanguageGraphsre

14、mained fairly constant, didnt change, rise, increased,went up, made steady gains, gets weaker, decreases,went down, declined, droppedrelated changesX remained fairly constant, but y increased significantly.As the price of an average house increased, thepercentage of U.S. families able to buy a new h

15、ousedecreased.Part 2Speed & DistanceLanguage LearningBlood PressureQuizThis Unit prepares students to describe how onequantity correlates to another. Sometimes thereis no relationship. Sometimes a change in onequantity causes a change or in another.Key Sentences and ExamplesThis graph shows the perc

16、entage of US families able tobuy an average-priced new home. As the price of anaverage house increased, the percentage of U.S. familiesable to buy a new house decreased. Between 1970 and1976, the average price of a new house rose from$23,400 to $44,200. As a result, fewer U.S. familieswere able to b

17、uy new houses. In this graph, both X andY are increasing. In this graph, X is increasing while Yis decreasing. Here we are looking at changes in X andY during the ten-year period from 1978 to 1988. Duringthat period, whenever Y increased, X decreased, andwhenever Y went down, X went up. In this case

18、, asexports, X, went up, unemployment, Y, declined. WhileX stayed about the same, Y increased. X remained fairlyconstant, but Y increased significantly. X increasedrapidly at first, but then it fell even though Y continuedto climb. As the dollar gets weaker, the number ofAmerican workers employed by

19、 Japanese firmscontinues to climb. An increase in the value of theJapanese yen is generally followed by an increase inJapanese productivity.Goals:To be able to ask and answer questions abouthow one factor relates to another.To be able to express an opinion about onequantity is related to another.Eng

20、lish by the Numbers Unit 44. Line GraphsPart 1Auto salesForeign Share of Steel MarketUnemployment RateHome BuyersAverage Family SizeSample Language & Learning Pointsline graphssales declined to a low of around 300,000, salesincreased steadily, sales were around 900,000 units, salesat Union Motors su

21、rpassed sales at Federal Motors, thenumber of potential first-time home buyers peaked, thelargest share of the market, changes in theunemployment ratepresent perfect (have + V(n)sales have stopped their decline, have remained fairlysteady, the number of potential first time buyers haschanged, the nu

22、mber has been droppingPart 2City Government ApprovalPopulation GrowthWorld Energy ConsumptionPassenger Car ExportsTraffic FatalitiesKey Sentences and Examples:This first example shows how auto sales at Union Motorshave changed since 1960. In 1960, sales were about500,000 units. From 1960, sales decl

23、ined to a low ofaround 300,000 in 1965. From 1965, sales increasedsteadily until they reached a high of around 900,000 in1974. Then, because of increasing imports, sales began along decline, to a low of around 500,000 units. Since1980, sales have stopped their decline and have remainedfairly steady.

24、This graph shows how the foreign share of total US steelsales changed during the period from 1965 through 1985.Between 1970 and 1980, the lowest foreign share of themarket was about 12%. The largest share of the marketbefore 1970 was about 17%, in 68.This graph shows how the number of potential firs

25、t timehome buyers has changed. The number of potential first-time home buyers peaked at around 45 million at the endof the 80s. Since the beginning of 1990, the number hasbeen dropping.This graph shows the decrease in average family size inthe US. US families in 1989 averaged only 3.16 people,the sm

26、allest size since 1940. This drop is primarily theresult of lower birthrates and continued increases in thenumber of single-parent families. This graph indicatesthat the average family has been getting smaller.Part 2This line graph shows how the voter approval rating for acity government has changed

27、 during the past 12 months.Note that the approval rating was at its highest during thefirst 3 months and at its lowest in month 8. It reached itslowest point in month 8. During month 8, 60% of thevoters disapproved of the governments performance.This graphs shows the rate of population growth inseve

28、ral countries. It also shows the literacy rate in eachof the countries. The adult literacy rate is the percentageof adults who can read and write. The axis on the leftgives the percentage growth rate, and the axis on theQuizThis Unit prepares students to present data froma line graph, especially cha

29、nges over time.Goals:To be able to use the present perfect (have+V(n) to express change.right gives the literacy rate. For example, thepercentage annual growth rate of Brazil is about1.4%. Its literacy rate is 0.83 or 83%. For thesecountries, the graph suggests that countries with ahigher literacy r

30、ate have a lower rate of populationgrowth.This graph shows how the worlds consumption ofenergy is increasing. The scale on the left is in unitsof quadrillion BTUs or British Thermal Units. In1983, the worlds energy consumption was 283quadrillion BTUs. The worlds energy consumptionin 1990 was 347 qua

31、drillion BTUs.This graph shows how passenger car exports changedin the 5 year period ending in 2003 It shows the valueof exports in billions of dollars for seven exportingcountries.This graph gives the causes of traffic fatalities basedon 4000 separate accidents. Each bar shows thenumber of fatalities for each cause. The axis on theright gives the percentage. For example, about 1200deaths were due to speed. The line graph above thebar graph shows the cumulative percentage offatalities due to e