变否定句规则.docx

1、变否定句规则变否定句规则一、一般现在时变否定句的规则.(a) 含有 am is are 的句子,变否定句时,只需在am is are 后加not. 例1 This is a book. 否定句 This is not a book . 例2 I am a teacher . 否定句I am not a teacher . 例3 These are pens . 否定句These are not pens .(b) 含有实义动词的句子，变否定句分两步。 （1）如果主语是第三人称单数时，要在实义动词前加doesnt,后面的动词用原形。 例1 He eats an apple. 否定句 He doe

2、snt eat an apple. 例2 Jim does his homework. 否定句 Jim doesnt do his homework. 例3 Marry goes to school. 否定句Marry doesnt go to school. (2) 如果主语不是第三人称单数时，只需在实义动词前加dont. 例1 I teach English. 否定句 I dont teach English. 例2 They go to school. 否定句 They dont go to school. 例3 We sing a song. 否定句 We dont sing a so

3、ng. (c) 含有情态动词的句子,变否定句时,只需在情态动词后加not. 例1 I can dance. 否定句 I can not dance.或 I cant dance. 例2 They can speak English. 否定句 They can not speak English. 或 They cant speak English. 例3 He must go home. 否定句 He must not go home. 或 He mustnt go home. 例4 He must be on the playground. He can not be on the play

4、ground. 析：当must be用来表示推测，有“一定”的含义时， 否定式要用can not. 例5You must say something at the mecting. You neednt say anything at the mecting. 析：当“must+行为动词”用来表示“必须”的含义时， 其否定式可用neednt 或mustnt表示“不需要”，“不必”， 语气委婉，must not表示“禁止”，“千万别”语气生硬。 例6 You may come in now. You mustnt come in now. 析：may作为情态动词表示“可以”时，其否定式用must

5、 not,而不用may not. 例7 He may watch TV . He mustnt watch TV. 注意: (1) 见到some 变否定句时,要换成any. 例1 I eat some apples. 否定句 I dont eat any apples. 例2 He has some books. 否定句 He doesnt have any books.例3 He does his home work. 否定句 He doesnt do his home work. (2) 见到and 变否定句时,要换成or. 例1 There is some air and water o

6、n the moon. 否定句 There isnt any air or water on the moon. 例2 He has some brothers and sisters. 否定句 He hasnt any brothers or sisters. 例3 He eats apples and oranges. 否定句He doesnt eat apples or oranges. (3) 见到too和also变否定句时,要换成either. 例1. Tom goes to school too. 否定句 Tom doesnt go to school either. too和al

7、so用于肯定句中时，否定句中用either替换。 （4）见到already变否定句时,要换成yet。 例1 He has had supper already. He hasnt had supper yet. 随着对谓语动词的否定，某些副词也要作相应的变动。 英语句型转换错误分析：肯定句变否定句 1. I think she is there. 误：I think she isnt there. 正：I dont think she is there. 析：英语中think, believe, expect, suppose等表示信念和揣测的动词， 后接that从句时，习惯上将从句中的否定形

8、式转移到主句上， 即否定主句谓语，不否定从句谓语。2. He can sing this song and that one. 误：He can not sing this song and that one. 正；He can not sing this song or that one. 析：肯定句中的连词and在否定句中一般要改为or。3. Tom went to school too. 误：Tom didnt go to school too. 正：Tom didnt go to school either. 析：too和also用于肯定句中时，否定句中用either替换。4. He

9、has had supper already. 误：He hasnt had supper already. 正：He hasnt had supper yet. 析：随着对谓语动词的否定，某些副词也要作相应的变动。 5. He had a good rest just now. 误：He hadnt a good rest just now. 正：He didnt have a good rest just now. 析：have在表示开会、吃饭、休息、进行体育锻炼等词组中是行为动词， 否定句用助动词来完成。 6. Lets do it. 误：Lets dont do it. 正：Dont

10、lets do it.或Lets not do it. 析：let后接的是不带to的不定式，变为否定式， 直接在句首前加Dont或在不定式前加not。7. He always gets there on time. 误：He doesnt always get there on time. 正：He never gets there on time. 析：He doesnt always get there on time意为 “他并非老是准时到那儿”，是部分否定， 习惯上把句中的副词改为相应的表示否定的副词即可。如： It often rains here. It seldom rains

11、here.8. Be here early tomorrow. 误：Be not here early tomorrow. 正：Dont be here early tomorrow. 析：祈使句的否定，一般在谓语动词前加do not的缩写dont。9. You had better come. 误：You didnt have better come. 正：You had better not come. 析：had better相当于一情态动词，不可分割， 因此not应放在其后。would rather也是如此。10. Both Tom and Xiao Ping went to scho

12、ol. 误：Both Tom and Xiao Ping didnt go to school. 正：Neither Tom nor Xiao Ping went to school. 析：一个句子中如果有不定代词both，all, every改为否定式时， 要把这些不定代词改为相应的表示否定的代词。二 一般过去时变否定句规则 (a) 含有 was were 的句子,变否定句时,只需在 was were 后加not. 例1 This was a book. 否定句 This was not a book . 或 This wasnt a book . 例2 I was a teacher .

13、否定句I was not a teacher . 或 I wasnt a teacher . 例3 These were pens . 否定句These were not pens .或 These werent pens (b) 含有实义动词过去式的句子，变否定句时， 只需在实义动词过去式前加didnt，后面的动词用原形。 例1 He ate an apple. 否定句 He didnt eat an apple. 例2 Jim did his homework. 否定句 Jim didnt do his homework. 例3 Marry went to school. 否定句Marry

14、 didnt go to school.(c) 含有情态动词过去式的句子,变否定句时,只需在情态动词过去式后加not. (can could,may might ,need need ,must must) 例1 I could dance. 否定句 I could not dance. 或 I couldnt dance. 例2 They could speak English. 否定句 They could not speak English. 或 They couldnt speak English. 例3 He could swim,so can I. He could swim,ne

15、ither(nor)can I 析：在“陈述句+so+助（系情态）动词+主语”结构中， 若改为否定句，除陈述部分加副词not外，还需将so改为neither或nor。 例4 He must go home. 否定句 He must not go home. 或 He mustnt go home. 例5 He must be on the playground. He could not be on the playground. 析：当must be用来表示推测，有“一定”的含义时，否定式要用can not. 例6 You must say something at the mecting.

16、 You neednt say anything at the mecting. 析：当“must+行为动词”用来表示“必须”的含义时， 其否定式可用neednt 或mustnt表示“不需要”，“不必”， 语气委婉，must not表示“禁止”，“千万别”语气生硬。 例7 You might come in now. You mustnt come in now. 析：may作为情态动词表示“可以”时， 其否定式用must not,而不用may not. 例8 He might watch TV . He mustnt watch TV.注意: (1) 见到some 变否定句时,要换成any.

17、 (2) 见到and 变否定句时,要换成or. (3) 见到too和also变否定句时,要换成either. 例1. Tom goes to school too. 否定句 Tom doesnt go to school either. too和also用于肯定句中时，否定句中用either替换。 （4）见到already变否定句时,要换成yet。例1 He has had supper already. He hasnt had supper yet.三 .现在进行时变否定句规则 1规则： 现在进行时变否定句时，只需在beam is are后加not . 例1 I am watching T

18、V . 否定句 I am not watching TV . 或 Im not watching TV 例2 They are playing basketball . 否定句 They are not playing basketball 或They arent playing basketball . 2注意: (1) 见到some 变否定句时,要换成any. 例1 I am eating some apples. 否定句 I am not eating any apples. 或Im not eating any apples. 例2 They are singsing some son

19、gs . 否定句 They are not singsing any songs . 或 They arent singsing any songs .(2) 见到and 变否定句时,要换成or. 例1 I am eating apples and oranges . 否定句 I am not eating apples or oranges .或 Im not eating or apples. (3) 见到too和also变否定句时,要换成either. 例1. Tom goes to school too. 否定句 Tom doesnt go to school either. too和

20、also用于肯定句中时，否定句中用either替换。 （4）见到already变否定句时,要换成yet。 例1 He has had supper already. He hasnt had supper yet.四 .过去进行时变否定句规则 过去进行时变否定句时，只需在bewas were后加not . 例1 I was watching TV . 否定句 I was not watching TV . 例2 They were playing basketball . 否定句 They were not playing basketball 或 They werent playing ba

21、sketball . 注意：(1) 见到some 变否定句时,要换成any. 例1 I was eating some apples. 否定句 I was not eating any apples.例2 They were singsing some songs . 否定句They were not singsing any songs . 或They werent singsing any songs . (2) 见到and 变否定句时,要换成or. 例1 I was eating apples and oranges . 否定句I was not eating apples or ora

22、nges . 或I wasnt eating apples or oranges. 例2 He was speaking English and French. 否定句He was not speaking English or French.或He wasnt speaking English or French. (3) 见到too和also变否定句时,要换成either. 例1. Tom goes to school too. 否定句 Tom doesnt go to school either. too和also用于肯定句中时，否定句中用either替换。 （4）见到already变否定句时,要换成yet。 例1 He has had supper already. He hasnt had supper yet.五 一般将来时变否定句规则 (a) 含有will shall 的句子,变否定句时,只需在will shall 后加 not . 例1 He will listen to me . 否定句 He will not listen to me .或 He wont listen to me .