嵌入式系统常用词汇中英文对照.docx

1、嵌入式系统常用词汇中英文对照1.TDP-Thermal Design Power 散热设计功耗2.SMBus -System Management Bus 系统总线3.GPIO-General Purpose Input Output 通用输入/输出或总线扩展器4.SIO-超级输入输出芯片5.SO-DIMM-小外形双列内存模组6.DIMM-Dual-Inline-Memory-Modules,即双列直插式存储模块7.SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface-串行外设接口8.IDE-微型计算机智能接口，是现在普遍使用的外部接口，主要接硬盘和光驱，传输模式有以下三种：PIO(

2、Programmed I/O)模式、DMA(Driect Memory Access)模式、Ultra DMA(简称UDMA)模式9.AMT-主动管理技术10.POST-通电自检程序11.HDMI-High Definition Multimedia Interface高清晰度多媒体接口12.CRT -Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管 13.DAC -Digital Analog Converter 数模转换器14.DDC -Display Data ChannelI2C bus interface between a display and a graphics adapter.

3、 显示数据通道15.DVI -Digital Visual Interface video interface standard developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). 数字可视化界面16.EFT -Electrical Fast Transient 电快速瞬变17.EMI -Electro magnetic Interference 电磁干扰18.ESD -Electrostatic Discharge 静电放电19.ExpressCard -A PCMCIA standard built on the latest US

4、B 2.0 and PCI Express buses. 20.GBE -Gigabit Ethernet 千兆以太网21.LPC- Low Pin-Count Interface: a low speed interface used for peripheral circuits such as Super I/O controllers, which typically combine legacy-device support into a single IC. 低针脚数接口22.LVDS -Low-Voltage Differential Signaling 低压差分信号23.PCI

5、 Express (PCIe)- Peripheral Component Interface Express next-generation high speed Serialized I/O bus 24.PCI Express Lane -One PCI Express Lane is a set of 4 signals that contains two differential lines for Transmitter and two differential lines for Receiver. Clocking information is embedded into th

6、e data stream. 25.SATA -Serial ATA attachment: serial-interface standard for hard disks 26.SDVO -Serial Digital Video Out proprietary technology introduced by Intel. to add additional video signaling interfaces to a system. 连续数字式录影 27.T.B.D. -To be determined 28.USB -Universal Serial Bus 29.x1, x2,

7、x4, x16 x1 refers to one PCI Express Lane of basic bandwidth; x2 to a collection of two PCI Express Lanes; etc. Also referred to as x1, x2, x4, x16 link. 30.ASIC（专用集成电路） Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip.专用集成电路。一个在一个芯片上定制设计的硬件。31.address bus（地址总线）

8、 A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select aspecific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. If the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can unique

9、ly address up to 2n such locations.一个连接处理器与所有外设的，用来通讯的电子线路集。地址总线被处理器用来选择在特定外设中的存储器地址或寄存器。如果地址总线有n条电子线路，处理器能唯一寻址高达2n的地址空间。32.BSP（板卡支持包） board support package（板卡支持包） Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is provid

10、ed by the package developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package.软件包的具有平台依赖性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的样例源程序由包开发者提供。样例源程序必须能在需要时被修改、编译并与软件包的剩下的部分连接起来。33.cross-compiler（交叉编译器） A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for

11、 which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target.一个运行在不同的平台上的编译器，其中之一能产生目标代码。交叉编译器在主机上运行并且产生目标机的目标代码。34.DMA Direct Memory Access（直接内存访问）. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals (usually memory and an I/O devi

12、ce) with only minimal interventi on by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA controller.直接内存访问。一种直接在两个外设（通常是内存和I/O设备）之间进行数据传输的技术，它只要处理器最少的介入。DMA传输由叫DMA控制器的第三方外设进行管理。35.DRAM（动态随机访问存储器） Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only a

13、s long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals. The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controller.动态随机访问存储器。一种RAM，存储在其设备中的数据被定期刷新时才能保存它的内容。刷新周期一般由一个叫DRAM控制器的外设完成。36.Emulator(仿真器) Short for In-Circuit Emulator (ICE). A debugging tool that tak

14、es the placeof-emulates-the processor on your target board. Emulators frequently incorporate a special bond-out version of the target processor that allows you to observe and record its internal state as your program is executing.在线仿真器的简写。一个在你的目标板上放置仿真的处理器的调试工具。仿真器经常和一目标处理器的一种“外合”版本合在一起，这个版本的的处理器充许你

15、运行程序时观察和记录它的内部状态。37.Executable（可执行的） A file containing object code that is ready for execution on the target. All that remains is to place the object code into a ROM or download it via a debugging tool. 一个包含准备在目标机上运行的目标代码的文件。放置目标代码到ROM中或通过调试工具下载。 38.Firmware（固件） Embedded software that is stored as o

16、bject code within a ROM. This name is most common among the users of digital signal processors.是作为目标代码存贮在ROM中的嵌入式软件。这个名字在数字信号处理器的用户中相当流行。39.intertask communication（进程间通讯） A mechanism used by tasks and interrupt service routines to share information and synchronize their access to shared resources. T

17、he most common building blocks of intertask communication are semaphores and mutexes.一种被用来在任务和中断服务程序之间共享信息和同步它们对共享资源访问的机制。大部分进程间通讯的建立的基石是信号灯和互斥。40.Linker（连接程序） A software development tool that accepts one or more object files as input and outputs a relocatable program. The linker is thus run after a

18、ll of the source files have been compiled or assembled.一种能把一个或更多目标文件组合成可输入和输出的可重定位程序的开发工具。连接程序在所有的源文件都被编译或汇编之后运行。41.Locator（定位程序） A software development tool that assigns physical addresses to the relocatable program produced by the linker. This is the last step in the preparation of software for ex

19、ecution by an embedded system and the resulting file is called an executable. In some cases, the locators function may be hidden with in the linker.一种分配物理地址给连接程序处理过的可重定位程序的软件开发工具。这是准备一个软件在嵌入式系统中运行的最后一步，并且结果文件叫做可执行的。在一些情况下，定位程序功能隐藏在连接程序中。42.logic analyzer（逻辑分析仪） A hardware debugging tool that can be

20、used to capture the logic levels (0 or 1) of dozens, or even hundreds, of electrical signals in real-time. Logic analyzers can be quite helpful for debugging hardware problems and complex processor-peripheral interactions.一种硬件调试工具，能捕获实时电信号的许多逻辑电平（0或1），逻辑分析仪在调试硬件问题和复杂的处理外设交互时相当有用。43.Oscilloscope（示波器）

21、 A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。 44.parallel processing（并行进程） The ability t

22、o apply two or more processors to a single computation.一种在单个计算机上运行两个或多个程序的能力。45.processor-independent（处理器无关） A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will berun. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-

23、specific.一个与处理器无关的，并能在其上运行的软件。大多数用高级语言编写程序是处理器无关的。相对于处理器定制。46.processor-specific（处理器定制） A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.一个高度依赖处理器的软件，在上其才能运行。一些代码必须用汇编语言编

24、写。相对于处理器无关。 47.assembler（汇编编译器） A software development tool that translates human-readable assembly languageprograms into machine-language instructions that the processor can understandand execute. 一个能把人可读的汇编语言程序转换到处理器可理解和运行的机器指令的软件开发工具。 48.assembly language（汇编语言） A human-readable form of a processo

25、rs instruction set. Most processor-specific functions must be written in assembly language. 一种人可读的处理器指令集的形式。大多数处理器相关的功能必须用汇编语言编写。 49.binary semaphore(二元信号) A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex. 一种只有两种状态的信号。也叫互斥信号。50.bond-out processor （外合处理器） A special version of a processor

26、 that has some of the internal signals brought out to external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system. 一种特殊版本的处理器，它有一些，内部的信号能传达到外置的针脚上。一个外合处理器绝大多数情况下只用在模拟器上，从来不会被特意用在产品系统上。 51.CISC-Complex Instruction Set Computer（复杂指

27、令集计算机） . Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors generally feature variable-length instructions, multiple addressing formats, and contain only a small number of general-purpose registers. Intels 80x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Contrast with RISC. 复杂指令集计算

28、机。对一种处理器架构的描述。CISC处理器一般产生变长的指令，多种地址格式，并且仅仅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC处理器。相对于RISC而言。 52.Compiler（编译器） A software development tool that translates high-level language programs into the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute. 把高级编程语言程序转换到只有特定的处理器能了解和执行

29、的机器指令的一种软件开发包。 53.counting semaphore（计数信号） A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore. 一种用来跟踪多个相同类型资源的信号灯。仅仅在所有可用的资源都被用完了时才阻塞。相对二元信

30、号而言。 54.critical section（临界段） A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption to guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race condition. 一段必须按次序执行的代码，并且不能被中断，否则不能保证软件正确地操作。参照：竞争状况。 55.Deadline（死线） The time at which a particular set of computations must be com

31、pleted. See also real-time system. 一个特定计算必须被完成的时间。请看实时系统。 56.Deadlock（死锁） An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, waiting for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock occurs, the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is u

32、sually possible to prevent deadlocks altogether by following certain software design practices. 一种不希望出现的软件状态，在这个状态下，所有的任务因为等待一个只有在这些被阻塞任务之一才能产生的事件而被阻塞。如果死锁发生，唯一解决的方法是重启动硬件。但是，通过可靠的软件设计实践活动通常可以防止死锁的发生。 57.debug monitor（除错监视程序） A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as a debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and communicates with a debugger via a serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a set of primitive commands to view and modify memo