新目标英语总复习资料精品讲义.docx

1、新目标英语总复习资料精品讲义新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。 至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式 肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时 态之间的区别。找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.现以冠词为例：I.Joh n was give n orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost justnow.A.a n,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an ,the2.Theresold tree near house.A.

2、a,a nB.a n,theC.a,theD.the,a3.There is800-metre-l ong road beh ind hospital.A.a n,anB.a,aC.a n,theD.a,the4.good,ki nd girl she is! A.How B.What aC.WhatD.How a5.bad weather!I hope it wont last long.A.HowB.WhatC.Whata D.How a6.they are liste ning to the teacher!A.How careful B.What careful C.How caref

3、ully D.What carefully由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、 代词的格、主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情 态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列。 所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。 对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎 么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,hedecided

4、 to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurar餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.Whe n he tur ned and (5)the farmer aga in,he had a (6)!The farmer

5、 had tied系)his table cloth round his (7).The head waiter told ano ther waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thi ng in his restaura nt.Sothe waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),Good morni ng,sir.Would you like a haircut?I.A.le ntB.made2.A.Duri ngB.Though3

6、.A.forB.with C. on4.A.wa ntedB.put C.showed5.A.looked atB.watched C.sawC.6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth7.A.arm B.n eckC.ha ndpaid D.gaveC.When D.BecauseD.inD.broughtD.fo undD.surpriseD.head8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told9.A.ca nt B.do nt C.wo nt D.must nt lO.A.frie ndly B.tired C.sad D.ter要求考生从所给的选项中选

7、出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完 整。对此，考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不 得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文 的要求来推断理解。在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感, “ the sense of word是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。 对词的感受力强，在解题时 会较为容易地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也 并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎 逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇 全文，就会

8、语感流畅，句意明确。这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型， 特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。词汇（一）这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易 掌握的方面。一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数可用a an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用 an,而不是a1.复数的构成方法：（1）一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog-dogso（2）以 s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加 es,如：watch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es, 女口： country-c

9、ountries。请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。女口： monkey-monkeys。 以o结尾的名词，只有 potato（土豆），tomato（西红柿）加es构成复数。以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，女口： knife-knives。2.单复数形式相 同的词：sheep-sheep fish-fish Chinese-Chinese,Japa nese-Japa nese3.特殊变化的单词有：（1）tooth-teeth, foot-feeth（2）man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Fre

10、nchmen请区别：Germa n德国人）一Germa ns （3）child childre n4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people（人）, clothes衣服），trousers裤子）glasses眼 镜），这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。 女口： My clothes are （be） n ewer tha n yours.5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news（消息），maths（数学），physics（物理） No news is good news.6.可用 how many, many, a few,

11、 few, a lot of, lots of, some, any等来修饰可 数名词复数。 How many are there in your pen cil-box?(k nife)不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有： water, rice, fish, meat,等。应特别记medici ne, news,work,homework,housework,m on ey,chalk,weather,cott on ,wood.2. 不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如： Some bread overthere.(be)3.常用 how much,much,a little,lit

12、tle,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即: twopiecesof bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示， 女口：三箱苹果three boxes of即ples例: 1、These two pieces of bread over there.(be)2、Could I have three ,pleasfeA.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread

13、 D.pieces of breads名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s”。女口： Tom Toms译为“的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“即可。女口： TeachersDay , twoweeksholiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s。如:Childrens Day关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：1. 可用名词所有格表示地点。 女口： my aunts我姑姑家。 go to the doctors去医生家。2. 表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加s 女口： Lucy and Lilys露西和莉 莉的3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一

14、个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine我的一个朋友eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kates,mine C.Kate,mineD.Kates,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法,归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点： 1冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car.请区别：a useful mach ine3. 指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the4. 在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the

15、.如: the sun,the moon,the earth5. 定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。女口： the first,thebest ,i n the south6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示xx一家人，常看成复数。女口： The Brow ns are going to Sha nghai for a holiday this summer.7.在介词短语中常用定冠词 the，如：in the box ,behind the chair8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如： in summer,in Aug

16、ust请区别：in the spring of 1945.(这里表示特指，故加the)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 女口： have breakfast ,play football(3) 一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面 in the hospital在医院里in the front of在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院练习:Theres 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A.a

17、n,an B.a, a C.a n, the D.a, the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3 特殊记，加 th 从 4 起(first,second,third,fourth)8 少 t，9 去 e，千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢 5 逢 12，ve 变 f (fifth,twelfth)20至U 90, y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(nin ety-

18、first)2.hundred,thousand,million在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 女口： five hundredpeople.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加 s，构成复数形式。hundreds of数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of数以千计的，成千上万的millions of数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。3序数词常与定冠词the连用。练习：Henry has learned eight French words this year.A.hun dred B.h un dreds C.hu ndred of D.hun dreds of2The less on is

19、 the most difficult one in Book Two. (twe nty)另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点 + 分钟) 女口： 4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+ to/past+ 钟点) 女口： 4:30 half pastfour4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five /a quarter to five练习题：1.At the beginning of the (twen

20、ty) century,the worlds population was about1700 millio n.2.Are these (watch)yours? Yes.3.You dont look well.Youd better go to the (doctor) at on ce.4.Would you give me ,please?A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers5.There are three and seven in the picture.A.m

21、 on keys,sheeps B.mon keys,sheep C.mon kies,sheep D.mon kies,sheeps6.A lot of are talki ng with two .D.Germa ns,Fre nchme n7.June 1 is _. A.the Childre ns Day B.the Childre ns Day C.Childre ns DayD.Childre ns Day8. people went out to see what had happe ned.A.Thousa nds of B.Three thousa nd ofC.Thous

22、a nd of D.Three thousa nds9.We have bee n in the school for .A.three and a half month B.three and a half mon thsC.three month and a half D.three mon ths and half10. English is useful Ianguage. A.A, an B./, aC.The, an D. A, /11.Joh n was give n orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost justnow.A.a

23、 n,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an ,the12.Theres old tree n ear house. A.a,a n B.a n,the C.a,theD.the,a13.There is 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A.an,anB.a,a C.an,the D.a,the4.代词1人称代词： 主格：单数I、you、he、she、it 复数 we、you、they宾格: 单数 me、you、him 、her、it 复数 us、you、them物主代词：形容词性 my、your、his、her、its、our、your、thei

24、r名词，性 mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs3反身代词: myself、 yourself、himself 、herself、itself 、 ourselves、 yourselves、themselves1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在 句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。2注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系，是单数还是复数。如口： These books arent ours. Ours are new.这里 ours=our books）（2）This is not our room. O

25、urs is over there.这里 ours=our room）3.of+名词性物主代词表示所属 如口： a sister of his他的一个妹妹 a friend ofmine我的一个朋友4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如口： You, she and I all enjoy the music.5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time 过得很愉快） by oneself=alone 单独、独自）help on eself to （随便吃 / 喝 些.） lear n sth. by o

26、n eself =teachon eself sth.（自学）练习题1.-Whose trousers are these? - , I thi nk.A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them2.Nobody taught English. He taught . A.him, himself B.his, himselfC.him, by himself D.his, his（二） 修饰可数名词 many few表否定意义 a few表肯定意义修饰不数名词 much little表否定意义 a little表肯定意义 few和little与quite 或 only 连用时

27、，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.=用 little, a little, few, a few 填空：1.1 ofte n stay at home because I have friends here.2.Jim,d ont go and get some water. There is water in the glass.3.Though he lear ned French only weeks. He can speak very well.4.Lily had bread because she

28、 was hungry yesterday.如口： something new（三）不定代词 :something, anything, nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。Theres in todays n ewspaper 中考题A.important anything B.important something C.anything importantD.somethi ng importa nt（四）另外，还要注意代词 some, every, all, both, either, another1.some（ 些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表

29、示请求的疑问句中。any （任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples?2.every+单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语，形式上为单数。each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与 of连用。如:Each stude nt was asked to try aga in. Each of them has a nice skirt.Every child likes play

30、i ng games.3.all “ （全部）都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之 后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词 of女口： We are all from Can ada. = All of us are from Can ada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）4.both “ （两者）都”，作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。either “两者中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时，后跟 名词单数。neither “（两者）都不”，含有否定意义，用法同

31、either。女 口： They both swim well. = Both of them swim well.2There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street.3Neither of us is going to Beiji ng next week.4Neither an swer is right.5.another 单数名词,“另一个”one the other “一个 ，另一个 ”the other + 复数名词=the others “其他的人或物” (指确定范围内剩下的全部)others “别人”(5)疑问代词 5 个“wh ” ,即 who, whose, whom, what, which这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住