定语从句及其巩固练习.docx

1、定语从句及其巩固练习定语从句（The Attributive Clause）定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词

2、或代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） who指人在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterda

3、y I helped an old man who lost his way. whom指人在从句中做宾语在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本可以通用。区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以，whom前可以加介词如to whom，但是who不可以） Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who

4、 I talked to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人. that指人时相当于who或者whom，在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? whose通常指人也可

5、指物 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.、(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. Whose指物时通常以以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.、 (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. which指物 在定语从句中做主语，表语，定语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) Footb

6、all is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔. as as 可以做主语，也可以作宾语，作宾语时可以省略，指人或者物。常与such as, the same as等短语连用。 注意：代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which： 1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, som

7、e等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 注意1：部分时候that可以省略

8、，如部分例句将that用括号括住。 注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2、当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. 4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时 (1) This is the v

9、ery good dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？ 5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-s

10、hirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用whichwho和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 whose是关系

11、代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you

12、 joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 使用“介词+关系代词”要注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T正确) F This is the watch for

13、which I am looking. (F错误) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) (2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) The plane in that we flew in to Cana

14、da is very comfortable. (F) 3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 关系副词 why指原因：在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ f

15、or which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. where指地点：在定语从句中做地点状语where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has b

16、een pulled down. when指时间：在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. when引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we

17、 had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 判断介词和关系代词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。1、不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；2、而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

18、 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词

19、的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变

20、为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，is后应跟表语，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句

21、中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 关系代词（一般情况下）that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语。 which指物，在从句中作主语，谓语或宾语； who在从句中作主语； whom在从句中作宾语； where在从句中修饰表地点的名词，做地点状语； when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词，做时间状语； why在从句中做原因状语，先行词通常是reason 有时why也可用for+which代替。1)Whoever spits in public will be punished her

22、e.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) 但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。 as , which1、as,which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和

23、which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. itB. thatC. whichD. he 答案C。 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为

24、句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案B。 which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whic

25、hC. asD. it 答案B。 as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (

26、1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。 (5) Tom was always late for school, which ma

27、de his teacher angry. 3、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. 注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young

28、sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but understand his idea。 ( but= who dont ) 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last y

29、ear.This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.1.限定性定语从句: 从句不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。 非限定性定语从句: 从句可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整 。 2.限定性定语从句: 先行词可以用that 引导。 非限定性定语从句: 先行词不可以用that 引导。 3.限定性定语从句: 引导词有时可以省略。 非限定性定语从句:引导词不可以省略。 4.限定性定语从句:主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。 5.限定性定语从句: 从句只修饰先行词。 非限定性定语从句:从句即可

30、以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。定语从句专练1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which