译林模块5Unit2同步讲练及单元自测练习1.docx

1、译林模块5Unit2同步讲练及单元自测练习1Unit 2 The environmentWelcome to the unit & reading精讲典析1. Read a debate on the environment and a report about the Yangtze River.（page 21）阅读一份有关环境的辩论稿和一篇有关长江的报道。debate的用法 debate在句中是名词，意为“讨论”或“辩论”。例如：Our class will hold debates. 我们班将举行辩论。Television actually encourages public deba

2、te about such issues. 事实上电视促进了关于这类问题的公众讨论。(2) 辨析：debate, argue, quarrel, discuss的用法比较这一组词虽然区别较大，但仍有共同点，都侧重于动作。 debate vt. & vi. “辩论；争论”,侧重双方各自申诉理由，“交锋”意味较强。例如：We debated the proposal for three days. 那个建议我们辩论了三天。They debated until ten oclock. 他们一直辩论到10点钟。 argue vt. & vi. 也有“辩论, 争论”的意思，为支持某一想法、行动或理论而提

3、出理由或证据，侧重于摆事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈的交换意见，以致争吵。例如： She was too tired to argue the point. 她太累了，不想再就这一点争论了。She argued that she should not go. 她争辩说她不该去。He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday. 他和玛丽争论度假的最好地方。 quarrel vi.“吵架，争吵”，因生气失态以至于会伤害到对方。例如： Those children are always quarrelling over little t

4、hings. 那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。We quarreled with them about the plan, in fact we supported them. 我们就有关这项计划与他们发生争吵，实际上我们是支持他们的。 discuss vt. “谈论, 讨论”，重在交换意见。例如： We will discuss what to teach during the next term. 我们将讨论下学期要教什么。They discussed selling the house. 他们商讨卖房子一事。We discussed when we should go. 我们商量什么时候动身

5、。2. By how many times has the worlds population increased since 1800?（page 22）自1800年以来，世界人口增加了多少倍? population n. 人口；全体居民population是不可数名词，但常和不定冠词连用。表“多少人口”要用what或how large。population表示“人口”并做主语时，其谓语动词习惯用单数形式。例如：The United States has a population of more than 200 million. 美国有两亿多人口。The population of thi

6、s city is in the neighborhood of three million. 本市人口接近300万。What / How large is the population of Hong Kong? 香港有多少人口？ 当population做主语指一特定人群时，谓语动词单复数都可以。例如：Most of the population in our village factory are women workers. 我们村办工厂大部分职工是女性。 The population in these villages still uses well water. 住在这些乡村里的人依

7、然饮用井水。There 50 percent or more of the population is illiterate. 那里50%或更多的群众是文盲。One third of the worlds population consumes / consume two thirds of the worlds resources.三分之一的世界人口消耗了三分之二的地球资源。3. With me is Mr Lin Shuuiqing, from the Society for Environmental Preservation, and Mr Qian Liwei, an economi

8、st.（page 22, lines 56）与我一起的是来自环境保护协会的林水清先生和经济学家钱利伟先生。这是一个完全倒装句。这个句子由于主语较长，为避免句子头重脚轻，往往把介词短语或其他成分提到句首。这种句子的谓语多为连系动词以及lie, stand, sit, fly, come, go, run, rush等动词。例如： After the banquet came a firework display in the square. 宴会后在广场上燃放了烟花。Seated on the ground were a group of young men playing guitar. 场地

9、上坐着一群年轻人在弹吉他。 At the top of the hill stands a weather station. 山顶上有一个气象站。 4. Then we will open the floor for discussion.（page 22, line 8）之后我们将展开讨论。open the floor for discussion意为“展开自由讨论”，其中the floor意思是“（大会）发言权；发言机会”，可构成“open/take/have/get/obtain the floor for名词或to do something” 等短语。例如：The TV present

10、er will take the floor for his own opening speech at 3:00 pm. 电视节目主持人将在下午3点致开幕词。He has the floor to express his own view / point at the meeting. 他有权在会上表明自己的观点。Next, the chairman asked Ms. Jones to take the floor. 随后，主席请琼斯女士发言。5. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice t

11、hem.（page 22, lines 89）如果大家有任何问题或评论，可以利用这个时间说出来。辨析： voice, express voice在句中用作及物动词，指(用言语)“表达”, 用名词做宾语时，可以与express替换。例如：A spokesman voiced / expressed the workers dissatisfaction. 发言人说出了工人的不满情绪。 Get teachers to voice / express their opinions on important subjects. 让教师们表达他们对重要问题的看法。He voiced / expresse

12、d the feelings of the crowd. 他表达出群众的情绪。 express也有 “表达”（思想，情感）的意思，除名词外，还可以用反身代词做宾语。例如：Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well. 也许我没能把我的意思表达清楚。She expresses herself most fully in her paintings. 她在绘画中将自己的情感表达得最为淋漓尽致。He can express himself in good clear English now after four years hard learning.经

13、过四年的艰苦学习,现在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。6. Pollution is so bad that many rivers are full of chemicals which flow into the sea and kill sea creatures.（page 22, lines 1415）污染情形如此严重，致使许多河流饱含化学物质，河水流入海洋，杀死海洋生物。(1) full of在句中作表语，意为“充满”。full of还常做后置定语。例如：It is bad manners to talk with a mouth full of food. 嘴里塞满了东西说

14、话是不礼貌的。 A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. 光说空话不做事，犹如花园光长刺。(2) 辨析：sothat, suchthat1）sothat与suchthat都表示“如此以致”。它们用法的区别在于搭配不同：so是副词，所以后接形容词或副词，而such是形容词，所以后接名词。例如：They were so busy that they forgot their meal. They were such busy men that they forgot their meal. 他们忙得连吃饭都忘了。

15、 2）但如名词前有表数量的many，few，much，little修饰时，则要求用so。即：somany (few, much, little)名词that从句Bill Gates was so interested in software programming that he quit school in his first year at college.比尔盖茨对于软件编程是如此的感兴趣，以致于他在大学一年级时就退学了。3）当单数可数名词前又有形容词修饰时，既可用so,也可 用such，但冠词的位置有所不同。若是复数可数名词，即使有形容词修饰，也只能用such，而不能用so。例如： I

16、t is such a good dictionary that all of us have bought it.It is so good a dictionary that all of us have bought it.=The dictionary is so good that all of us have bought it.这是一本好词典，我们都买了。7. In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.（page 22, line 16）此外，捕捞船正将大量海洋生物赶尽杀绝。(1) i

17、n addition副词短语，“此外；而且”的意思，可以和 besides互换，做状语时在句中的位置比较灵活, 但应注意in addition to是短语介词。例如：In addition / besides, they do not match very much. 除此之外，他们两人并不十分般配。They eat a great deal of fruit in addition / besides. 他们还吃大量的水果。Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides / in addition.彼得是我们最小的孩

18、子, 我们另外还有三个孩子. In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 除了这些安排以外，还增派救护车值班到午夜。(2) wipe out在句中意为 “消灭；摧毁”；wipe out还可以表示“(用抹布把器皿)擦净”、“擦掉(符号)”。例如：The earthquake wiped out the whole town. 那次地震毁掉了整个城镇。The plague once could wipe out a village. 鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。Wi

19、pe out the bath before you use it. 使用浴盆前先把里面擦洗干净。These cups have been thoroughly wiped out. 这些杯子已经擦干净了。She got angry and wiped out her name on the blackboard.她生气了, 于是就把黑板上她的名字擦掉了。8. While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to

20、 eat.（page 22, lines 1920）毁坏环境的同时，我们仍在生育越来越多的人口，他们需要更多的土地来居住，需要更多的粮食来食用。(1) keep producing 不停生产keep doing sth.的意思和用法与keep on doing sth.相同，但后者更多地强调重复性和决心。例如： Our line can get very busy but please keep trying and you will eventually get through. (page 13) 热线有时候可能会很忙，但请继续拨打，最终你会拨通的。He caught such a bad

21、 cold that he kept coughing all morning. 他患了重感冒，整个上午都不停地咳嗽。He kept on phoning me, and I really didnt want to talk to him. 他不断地给我打电话，可我实在不想和他说话。(2) more land to live on短语中不定式作后置定语，more land是不定式的逻辑宾语，与to live on之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而live为不及物动词，后面必须有介词才可带逻辑宾语，live on后的on不能掉。After she considered the problem, sh

22、e got a tall box to stand on. 她考虑这个问题后，拿出个大盒子，站在上面。9. My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.（page 22, lines 2223）我的建议是我们应当尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买的物品数量。(1) suggestion /suggest虚拟语气用法 My suggestion is that后的表语从句中should + 动词原形是虚拟语气。主语是sugges

23、tion,idea,proposal,request等表建议、要求和看法的名词时, 作表语从句的谓语动词为原形动词或should + 原形动词，should可以省略。例如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)goandhelphim. 我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。 Ouronlyrequestisthatthisproblem shouldbesettledassoonaspossible. 我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。 suggestion后同位语从句的谓语动词为原形动词或should + 原形动词，should可以省略。例如：He made the sugges

24、tion that the political prisoners (should) be set free. 他提议释放政治犯。He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date. 动词suggest表“建议”时其后的宾语从句谓语动词为原形动词或should + 原形动词，should可以省略。例如：Mr Lin suggested we (should) cut back on the amount

25、 of things we produce in order to save the environment. (page 23) 林先生建议削减生产来保护环境.I suggest you（should）set about your work without delay. 我建议你马上开始工作。 suggestion除“建议”意义之外，还有“暗示; 迹象; 说法”的意思，动词suggest也有 “暗示；使人想到；意味着” 的意思，其后接同位语从句或宾语从句时不应用虚拟而应是陈述结构，例如：There is no suggestion that he was involved in any wr

26、ongdoing. 没有迹象表明他曾参与过任何坏事。They dismissed the suggestion that they hadnt worked hard. 他们不接受他们没有努力工作的说法。His attitude suggests that he isnt really interested. 他的态度表明他并不真的感兴趣。Her face suggests that shes bored. 从她的面部表情可知她生厌了。(2) cut back (on) “削减；减少; 减低”, We shall have to cut back on our spending. 我们将不得不

27、削减我们的经费。If we dont sell more, well have to cut back (on) production.我们若不能增加货物的销售量, 就必须大幅度降低产量。We must cut back on expenditure in order to save more money. 我们应减少开支, 以节省更多资金。类似短语：cut back 缩减（生产，开支）； cut down 砍倒，减少； cut in 插入，插嘴； cut off 切断（电力、煤气等）； cut out 删掉，裁减10. It would be beneficial to expand our

28、 recycling industry, and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living.（page 22, lines 2425）发展循环再造业，教会人们有益环境的生活方式，会很有益处。（1）It would be beneficial to是形式主语的句型，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to expand our recycling industry。又如：It requires courage to do this kind of work. 干这种工作是需要勇气的。（2）beneficial adj.

29、 有益的；有利的I hope your holiday will be beneficial to you. 我希望你的假期会对你有益。常用句型：be beneficial to 对有益处 同义短语：be of benefit to sb. 对某人有益处；do good to 对有好处表示推测或希望也许，大概I would imagine that theyll want to keep it.我猜他们也许想保留它。I guess some people would consider it brutal.我想有些人大概会认为这很野蛮。表示不确定之意 It would seem to be ge

30、tting warmer. 天气似乎变得更暖和了11. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.（page 23, lines 2930）显然，你对我们的环境现状很担忧。(1) It is obvious that是形式主语句型，it作形式上的主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。形容词obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain

31、, probable, quite clear, unusual, etc.常用于此句型中。例如：It is certain (that) he will come to the discussion. 他肯定会来参加讨论。It is probable that she might change her mind at the last minute. 她大概会在最后时刻改变主意。It was surprising that he finished writing a novel in only twenty days.他在二十天内写完了一本小说, 真令人吃惊。It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone. 说也奇怪，无人知道他去哪儿了。(2) 辨析：be concerned about, be concerned for, be concerned withbe concerned可以和不同的介词搭配，构成系表结构的惯用语，也都有基本相同的意义“关心；关注”，但在着重点上还是有微细的区别。例如： be concerned about着重于“非常重要的位置或分量”。They appeared completely unconcerned about what they had done.