5 虚拟语气.docx

1、5 虚拟语气1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened2. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be3. - Dont you think it necessary that

2、 he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. shouldnt be sent; what D. shouldnt send ; what4. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B.

3、 could C. had to D. ought to5. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow6. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt hav

4、e fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall7. _ be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 8. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had ha

5、d9. What would have happened _ , as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored虚

6、拟语气一、虚拟语气的一般形式从句主句与现在事实相反did/werewould/should/might/could+do与过去事实相反had +donewould/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反did 实现的可能性最大were to do 实现的可能性最小should do 实现的可能性中等would/should/could/might + doeg. 1. We wouldnt be able to walk if there _ no friction. A. is B. are C. were D. will be 2. _(如果我是你),

7、I would try the other method. 3. If they _(有时间)， they _(join) us in the discussion. 4. _ (要是没有地球引力gravity), there would be a lot of things we couldnt do. 5. If he _ time yesterday, he would have come to see us. A. had B. would have C. have had D. had If you had been more careful, you _ it better. A.

8、 can do B. will have done C. could have done would do 6. If you _ (如果你当时听了我的建议), you wouldnt have made such a mistake. 7. 如果我们早来几分钟的话，我们就不会误了这班火车了。 8. 如果我们没有做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。 9. 要是没有他们的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 10. Most probably he wont come tomorrow. But if he _, I would ask him to call you up. A. should com

9、e B. would come C. will come D. comes 11. If she_ Jack (要是嫁给杰克), should would be happy. 综合练习：1、 如果没有空气，我们就不可能在地球上生存。2、 我要是能回答你所有的我呢提的话，那我就是天才了。3、 如果明天还下雨，我们该做什么呢？4、 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库（reservoir），洪水就会使任命遭受巨大损失了。5、 要是她现在生活艰难的话，他应该对此负责。6、 要是你不一直刻苦学习的话，你家就可能会考试不及格。7、 要是我当时没有看见的话，我是不会相信的。二、混合虚拟语气在表示虚拟语气的句子中，

10、有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，例如，一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在，这是动词的形式应根据需要加以调整，这种现象叫做混合虚拟语气。1. If he _ hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly.A. had not been working B. has not been working C. was not working D. were not working2. If you _ yesterday (如果你昨天吃药了的话), you _ now (现在就会痊愈了).3. 如果你昨天晚上

11、没看那场电影，你现在就不会打瞌睡了。4. 如果现在一切还没准备好，明天就糟糕了。5. 如果我早上出门时带伞了，现在就不会淋湿了。6. 要是我们早出发半个小时，再过半个小时就该到了。7. 如果你现在犹豫不决的话，将来你会吃苦头的。三、特殊形式的虚拟语气 _ you didnt have a key, I wouldnt have locked the door.A. If I know B. If I knew C. Had I known D. Were I to know如果条件从句中有were, had, should, could 通常可以省略if，然后将were, had, shoul

12、d, could提前至句首，构成到状结构。(教材12页-2.1.2)Were you in my place, what should you do about the problem.Were it necessary, I might resign.要是你早点告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。我要是有时间就去看你。 but for/that (要不是的话), without, with, under, (教材12 页 2.1.4)， otherwise, or, but , if only（只要）, supposing/suppose (假设)， in case (of)（的原因）, le

13、st(唯恐), for fear that (唯恐，万一), would rather（宁可）, would sooner（与其）, would just as soon（）, would as soon（宁愿）, might as well（还是的好，不妨）, would prefer (宁愿), it is (high, about) time, as if, as though; whether be。 1. I _ in real trouble but for your help.A. would have been B. shall have been C. will have b

14、een D. shall be 2. He _ us but that he was short of money at the time.（从句通常为真实条件句）A. would help B. will help C. should help D. would have helped3. I lost your telephone number（真实条件句）; otherwise, I _ long before.A. had rung you up B. must have rung you upC. would have rung you up D. ought have rung y

15、ou up4. If only we _ as we were told! This would never have happened.A. had done B. would do C. do D. didIf only 要是就好了，用来引导虚拟条件从句，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。当它用来表示与现在事实相反时，常用一般过去时；当它表示与过去事实相反时，常用过去完成时。注意区分if only 和only if。后者意为“只有在条件下”，它引导的从句不用虚拟语气，位于句首时，主句的主谓倒装。Only if you help me can I succeed.5. Id rather you _ t

16、he money yourself. A. pay B. paid C. would pay D. will payWould rather 的用法如下：后面直接接动词，用原形；后面跟从句，用虚拟：表示现在或将来的愿望，用一般过去时，表示过去的愿望，用过去完成时。Id rather you went home now. “Shall I open a window?” - “Id rather you didnt.”Id just as soon you didnt watch TV on week nights. Id just as soon you didnt speak rudely

17、to her.6. He reminded her twice of it lest she _.A. forgets B. would forget C. forget D. might forgetFor fear that, in order that, so that, lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句动词用should/could/might + do，在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用（should） + do.7. It is time we _ bed.A. went to B. should go to C. go to D. had to go

18、to在it is (high, about) time句型中，从句谓语动词一定用过去时。It is high time that we were off. It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself.8. whether be 让步状语从句All substances（物质）, whether they _ gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.A. were B. will be C. should be D. be在whether be的结构中，动词用原形。Whethe

19、r he be rich or poor, I will marry him all the same.All magnets behave the same whether they be large or small.在这种结构中whether可以省略，将动词原形be提前，构成倒装。（请将上述两个句子变成倒装。）9. as if, as though 与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用would/could/might + do. 大山说起话来象中国人似的。你说起话来好像曾经去过纽约似的。练习：1. 昨天他很忙，要不然的话，他会来参加会议的。2. 我

20、要是有更多的钱就好了，那样我就可以买新衣服了。3. 要是有更好的设备，我们会做的更好。4. 要是没有电视的话，人们就可以做很多更有意义的事情了。5. 没有程序编制人员，计算机是无用的。6. 如果没有水，什么东西都活不了。7. 要是在旧社会，他们会饿死的。8. 如果你爱上了你的老板，你会怎么做？9. 我不会出声的，以免打扰你。10. 她总是刻苦学习，唯恐落后。四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用(教材14页，2.2.2)It is necessary that an efficient worker _ his work on time. A. accomplishes B. can accompli

21、sh C. accomplish D. has accomplished在以it is + adj. that的主语从句中，it做形式主语，主句中的谓语动词用(should) + do, adj. 包括：advisable, amazing, appropriate, best, better, concerned (关切的)，crucial, desirable（必要的，可取的）, essential, imperative（急需的，必要的，迫切的）, important, incredible, insistent(迫切的), keen, natural, necessary, norma

22、l, obligatory (义不容辞的，义务的，必须的)，pitiful (可惜的)，possible, preferable, probable, proper, ridiculous（荒唐可笑的）, strange, unthinkable（不可想象的）, urgent, vital.1. It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.2. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.3. He said it was important that eve

23、ry member send his subscription(预订费) by the end of each month.4. It is imperative that a graduate student maintain a grade point average of “B” in his major field.5. 每个孩子都应有同等受教育的机会，这是非常必要的。6. 最好是我们事先阅读仪器的说明书（instructions of an instrument）。7. 必须立即采取行动。8. 把程序输入计算机是非常必要的。9. 最好给全体人员发个总通知（general announ

24、cement）。10. 他竟然这么快完成了工作，这真是令人难以置信。 It is requested that she _ a performance at the party.A. give B. gives C. will give D. gave在it is/was +done的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟形式“(should) + do”. Done 的动词包括： decided, desired, demanded, ordered, proposed, requested, suggested, recommended, required等表示建议、命令、要求的词。1. It is

25、required that the machine should be oiled.2. It is demanded that one of you should go there at once.3. It has been decided that the meeting be postponed（延期，延迟） till next Saturday.4. 希望一切在今晚准备好。5. 有人建议暂时休息一会。6. 有人建议下次会议再讨论此事。7. 有过命令，图书馆里不准吸烟。五、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用Do you have a dictionary? - No, but I wish I

26、 _.A. have B. did C. do D. have hadWish后面的宾语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气的形式，与现在事实相反用一般过去时或过去进行时；与过去事实相反，用had + done; would/could + have done；与将来事实相反或把握不大的事情用would/should/could/might + do.1. I wish she were here.2. I wish the moon were shining at the moment.3. I wish you would go with us tomorrow.4. I wish she had t

27、aken my advice.5. 我真希望我懂得怎样编写计算机程序。6. 我多么希望今天没有下雨。7. 我但愿一年到头都是春天。8. 但愿我能返老还童。9. 我真希望我能把我所有的知识一下子传授给你们。（at one stroke）10. 但愿我从未见过他。 Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be, her doctor insists that she _.A. will not smoke B. would not smoke C. could not smoke D. not smoke在表示建议、命令、要求等

28、动词后面的宾语从句中，动词要用虚拟语气should + do。Suggest（建议，而非暗示，表明）, propose, recommend, move (提议)，demand，request，require，order，command, insist (坚决要求，而非坚持认为，坚持说), advise, urge, prefer, desire (请求), direct (命令), beg, decide, arrange, intend, vote (投票决定), resolve (决意)，maintain(主张)。 1. She insisted that the seats shoul

29、d be booked in advance.2. They requested that he should sing a song.3. The workers demanded that their wages should be raised by 10 %.4. He advised that the doctor should be sent for. 六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用Our plan is that the production _ at the rate of 10 % a year.A. rise B. rose . would rise D. ri

30、ses在表示建议、打算、命令、要求等词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，动词用虚拟(should) +do.这样的词汇包括advice, decision, demand, desire，idea, motion(提议), necessity，order, plan, pray, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, resolution (决议，决定), suggestion, understanding(认识)等。1. The proposal that we should rest for a while was a good

31、one.2. Our idea is that the discussion be put off.3. My suggestion is that we should send a few men to help the other groups.4. We all agree to such a suggestion that we should not only save money but also save time.5. 他的提议是我们成立一个专门委员会来研究这个问题。6. 医生的忠告是使病人保持安静。7. 产生火的必要条件之一就是要使物质加热到它的燃点。8. 董事会委员们的总的认识（general understanding）是，主要的