探析燃气空调的应用与发展.docx

1、探析燃气空调的应用与发展探析燃气空调的应用与发展摘要：西气东输工程的东段管道已经开始试运行，天然气在中国能源结构中的比例将越来越大。燃气空调是一种合理利用天然气的方法，还可以降低用电用气的季节不平衡。本文介绍了燃气空调的不同产品形式，并陈述了燃气空调的发展优势。Abstract: east west to east gas pipeline project pipeline has started trial operation, the gas in the proportion of Chinas energy structure will be bigger and bigger. Ga

2、s air conditioning is a method of rational utilization of natural gas, electricity gas can be reduced by seasonal imbalance. Different product form of gas-fired air conditioning were introduced in this paper, and stated the development of gas air-conditioning.关键词：燃气空调 能源结构 天然气Key words: gas natural

3、gas air conditioning energy structure1.前言1. Introduction随着我国经济的发展和人们生活水平不断提高，我国空调器的使用量不断增大。我国的空调器主要是电空调器，随着空调使用量的增大，空调的耗电量也越来越大，因而造成电力紧张，用电的季节峰谷差加大。另一方面，2003年10月1日，西部大开发的标志性工程西气东输工程东段管道靖边上海段开始投产试运行，源源不断的天然气开始进入上海和华东地区，2004年元月1日，上海将开始商业供气，天然气在我国能源结构中的比例将越来越大。With Chinas economic development and peopl

4、e living standard unceasing enhancement, our country in the use of air conditioner. Air conditioner is mainly electric air-conditioner in our country, with the increase of air conditioning usage, air conditioning power consumption is becoming more and more big, thus causing electricity tension, seas

5、on of electricity peak valley has widened. On October 1, 2003, on the other hand, the development of the western region of the landmark project, west-east gas project eastern pipeline jingbian-yanshuiguang pipeline - Shanghai began production trial run, a steady stream of gas begin to enter Shanghai

6、 and eastern China, after January 1, 2004, Shanghai will start commercial gas, gas ratio of energy structure in our country will become more and more big.发展燃气空调，既可以缓解由于大量使用电空调器引起的高温季节的电力紧张，又增加了夏季的用气量，可以调节用电用气的季节不平衡。此外，在我国大力发展燃气空调，可以比较合理的消费天然气，适应我国“西气东输”工程的要求，受到国家能源政策的支持，而且燃气空调还具有很好的环保性能。Development

7、of gas air-conditioning, can alleviate because of a large number of high temperature season power tension caused by the use of electric air conditioner, and increase the summer gas, can adjust electricity gas seasonal imbalance. Developing gas air conditioner, in addition, in our country can be a re

8、asonable consumption of natural gas, adapt to the requirements for west to east gas pipeline project in China, and is supported by the national energy policy, and gas air conditioning also has the very good environmental protection performance.2.燃气空调主要产品种类2. Gas air conditioning main product categor

9、ies燃气空调的种类较多，可以根据不同的使用场合、不同的使用要求来加以选用。根据制冷制热原理和使用目的的不同，燃气空调大致有以下几种产品种类。Gas air conditioning sort is more, can be used according to different occasions, different use requirement to choose. According to the refrigeration and heating principle and purpose is different, gas air conditioning to roughly

10、the following several kinds of products.2.1 燃气发动机驱动空调2.1 gas engine driven air conditioning由燃气发动机驱动的压缩式空调具有较高的性能系数，因而在燃气空调中以燃气为能源的压缩式冷水机组及热泵机组发展较快。由燃气发动机驱动的压缩式冷水机组及热泵机组与电动压缩机组比较，可无需考虑电力系统的发电效率及输配电效率，因而具有较高的性能系数，是一种既可以燃气为能源又具有较高性能系数的制冷机组。燃气发动机驱动空调通过燃气发动机驱动制冷压缩机，同时回收发动机水夹套中的尾气的废热用于吸收式制冷机或产生热水、蒸气等1。燃气发

11、动机驱动空调与电动蒸气压缩式空调相比还具有以下特点: 1)可回收发动机的排热使热泵的输出量增加，还可将回收的排热驱动吸收式制冷机制取冷水; 2)发动机驱动极易进行转速控制，实现能量调节，可保持部分负荷时的高效率; 3)以大气为热源的场合，因发动机的排热基本不受大气影响，即使在严冬，输出热量也变化不大; 4)除霜过程可用发动机的排热加热，对输出热水温度影响较小。Driven by gas engine compression type air conditioner has high coefficient of performance, and therefore in gas air con

12、ditioners with gas as the energy by the rapid development of compression type water chiller and heat pump units. Driven by gas engine compression type water chiller and heat pump units and the electric compressor, can need not consider power system of power generation efficiency and efficiency of po

13、wer transmission and distribution, thus has a higher coefficient of performance, is a kind of both can gas for energy and has a high performance coefficient of the refrigeration unit. Gas engine driven by gas engine driven air conditioning refrigeration compressor, and recycling of the engine water

14、jacket tail gas waste heat used for absorption chillers or to produce hot water, steam, etc. 1. Gas engine driven air conditioning and electric steam compression type air conditioner compared also has the following characteristics: 1) the recycled engine exhaust heat increase heat pumps output, but

15、also the recovery of exhaust heat driven absorption refrigerating machine for making cold water; 2) driving to engine speed control, to achieve power adjustment, can keep the partial load efficiency; Occasions, 3) in the atmosphere as heat source of engine exhaust heat basic is not affected by the a

16、tmosphere, even in winter, heat output also changed little; 4) the defrosting process engine exhaust heat heating are available, and the output temperature of hot water.2.2 直燃型吸收式空调机组2.2 direct absorption type air conditioning unit直燃吸收式空调机组以天然气、液化石油气、燃油为能源，在高压发生器内燃烧，释放热量，以高温烟气作为加热源，利用吸收式制冷循环的基本原理，制取

17、冷热水，供夏季制冷、冬季采暖用。它结合了吸收式冷水机组与锅炉的优点，具有一机多用的功能。直燃型机组有单冷机组和冷温水机组两种形式：单冷机组只具有制冷功能，在天气炎热时为空调系统提供冷冻水；冷温水机组则具有制冷和采暖的双重功能，既可以提供冷冻水，还可以提供热源以及热水。按照采暖循环的不同方式，冷温水机组又可以分为如下几种类型：1)制冷、采暖专用机：它只能交替地以制冷/采暖方式进行运转，而不能同时具备两种功能；2)同时制冷与采暖型：它在工作时可以同时完成制冷与采暖循环; 3)同时制冷、采暖与供应生活热水型：它的优点是设备利用率高，可以节省机房的面积。Direct combustion absorp

18、tion air conditioning unit in natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fuel for energy, combustion within the high voltage generator, heat, high temperature flue gas as the heating source, using the basic principle of absorption refrigeration cycle, for making hot and cold water, for summer cooling and

19、 winter heating. It combines the advantages of the absorption chiller and boiler, have the function of the multi-usage. Direct units have used by units and different two kinds of forms: single cooler unit with functions of cooling, only in hot weather to provide chilled water for air conditioning sy

20、stem; Different has the dual function of cooling and heating, can provide chilled water, can also provide heat sources and hot water. According to the different means of heating cycle, and different can be divided into the following several types: 1) the refrigeration, heating machine: it can only b

21、e alternately operating on the basis of refrigeration/heating, and cant have two functions at the same time; 2) type refrigeration and heating at the same time, it can be done at the same time in work cycle refrigeration and heating; 3) cooling supply, heating and living hot water operated at the sa

22、me time, it has the advantage of high utilization rate of equipment, can save the area of the room.2.3 冷热电三联产系统2.3 cold hot electricity cogeneration system冷热电三联产系统是一种对燃气进行梯级利用的系统，可以有效的提高一次能源利用率。为了有效利用燃气，不仅要提高耗能设备效率，尽量减少排放热损失，而且要使燃气产生的能量由高温到低温实行多阶段多次利用，也就是按能量品位的高低，安排好功、热和物料热力学能的各种能量之间的合理配合，实现不同形式、不同品

23、位能量的梯级利用，以获得整个系统能量综合利用最佳效果。Cold and hot electricity cogeneration system is a system of cascade utilization of gas, can effectively improve the utilization rate of energy at a time. In order to effectively use of gas, not only to improve the efficiency of energy consumption equipment, heat loss, decr

24、ease as far as possible emissions and to generate energy from high temperature to low temperature gas for multi-stage repeatedly used, namely according to the energy grade of the high and low, arranged work, heat and material thermodynamics can cooperate between various energy reasonable, implement

25、different forms, different grade energy cascade utilization, in order to obtain the best effect of comprehensive utilization of energy of the system.冷热电三联产系统是由一种一次能源连续产生两种以上的二次能源的系统，燃气燃烧把化学能转化为热能，高品位的热能用来发电(燃料电池冷热电三联产系统直接把天然气的化学能转化为电能)，低品位的热能用于供热或者为吸收式、吸附式制冷系统提供驱动热源，从而实现对燃气化学能的多级多次利用。Cold hot electr

26、icity cogeneration system is composed of a primary energy continuously produce two or more of the two energy system, fuel gas combustion to convert chemical energy into heat energy, high grade heat energy used to power generation, fuel cell cold hot electricity cogeneration systems directly convert

27、the chemical energy of gas for electricity), low grade heat energy used for heating or for absorption and adsorption refrigeration system driving heat source, so as to realize multi-stage repeatedly used for gas chemical energy.根据采用的原动机不同，冷热电联产系统分为两类：Depending on the prime mover, cold hot electricit

28、y co-generation system is divided into two categories:1)以燃气机为原动机的系统1) gas machine as the prime mover system燃气机与柴油机类似，同属内燃机，为往复运动机械，再将往复运动转变为回转运动, 驱动发电机组。发电效率为（2035）%，热电综合利用效率为80%。排热回收形态主要为（400600）的排气与（8590）的热水，可用于采暖、供热水与制冷。发电量规模一般为（151000）kW的中小型容量，日本已有容量（15300）kW机组型的产品1。Gas machine similar to diesel

29、, belong to the internal combustion engine, for reciprocation machinery, then reciprocating motion into rotary motion, drive the generator. Power generation efficiency is (20 35) %, comprehensive utilization of thermoelectric efficiency of 80%. Main exhaust heat recovery form for exhaust (400 600 )

30、and (85 90 of hot water, can be used for water heating, heating and refrigeration. Output size is commonly (15 1000 kW) of small and medium capacity, Japans existing capacity type (15 300 kW units products 1.2)以燃气轮机为原动机的系统2) gas turbine as the prime mover system可直接传递回转能带动发电机组，发电效率为（2040）%，热电综合利用效率为8

31、0%.不用冷却水，排热回收形态主要是排气，排气温度（400550），排气经废热锅炉产生蒸汽或热水，用于采暖、供热水与制冷，也可将排气直接用于吸收式制冷机组制冷。发电规模为（10003000）kW的大型容量。但随着微型燃气轮机的发展，小容量的发电机组得到发展。日本已生产以城市煤气为能源的微气体发电机组，最小容量为290kW1。Can directly turn to drive the generator set, power efficiency (20 40) %, comprehensive utilization of thermoelectric efficiency was 80%.

32、 No cooling water, mainly is the exhaust heat recovery form, exhaust temperature (400 550 ), exhaust gas after waste heat boiler to produce steam or hot water, and used for heating water, heating and refrigeration, and exhaust can be directly used for absorption refrigeration refrigeration unit. For wind farm scale, large capacity (1000 3000 kW). But with the development of the miniature gas turbine, small capacity of the generating set was developed. Japan has been in the production of city gas as the energy micro gas generating set, the minimum capacity of 290 kw