高英II3课文后练习+答案.docx

1、高英II3课文后练习+答案高英II-3课文后练习+答案高英II-3课文后练习+答案：I. Write short notes on: Carlyle, and Lamb. Suggested Reference BooksSRB 1. The Oxford Companion to English Literature 2. any standard book on the history of English literature 3. Encyclopaedia BritannicaSee Additional Background Material for Teachers Refere

2、nce, points 6 and 71. Carlyle : Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), English essayist and historian born at Ecclefechan, a village of the Scotch lowlands. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer of hooks. In 18

3、26 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years (1828-1834 ). During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his char- acteristic s

4、tyle and thought. This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. In 1837 he published The French Revolution, a poetic rendering and not a factual account of the great

5、event in history. Besides these two masterpieces, he wrote Chartism (1840), On Heroes, hero Worship, and the Heroic in History (I841), Past and Present (1843) and others. Carlylese, a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, col loquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coining

6、s, arranged in unexpected sequences. One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation, among them were Mathew Arnold and Ruskin.2. Lamb : Charles Lamb (1775-1834), English essayist, was born in London and brought up within the precincts of th

7、e ancient law courts, his father being a servant to an advocate of the inner Temple. He went to school at Christs Hospital, where he had for a classmate Coleridge, his life-long friend. At seventeen, he became a clerk in the India House and here he worked for 33 years until he was re-tired on a pens

8、ion. His devotion to his sister Mary, upon whom rested an hereditary taint of insanity, has done al-most as much as the sweetness and gentle humor of his writings to endear his name. They collaborated on several books for children, publishing in 1867 their famous Tales from Shakespeare. His dramatic

9、 essays, Specimens of English Dramatic Poets (1808), established his reputation as a critic and did much in reviving the popularity of Eliza-be then drama. The Essays of Ella, published at intervals in London Magazine, were gathered together and republished in two series, the first in 1823, the seco

10、nd ten years later. They established Lamb in the title which he still holds, that of the most delightful of English essayists.II. Questions on content:1. What, according to the writer, makes good conversation? What spoils it?A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any

11、 idea where it will go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. When people become serious and talk as if they have something very important to say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the c

12、onversation is spoilt.2. Why does the writer likebar conversation so much?The writer likes bar conversation very much because he has spent a lot of time in pubs and is used to this kind of conversation. Bar friends are companions, not intimates密友; 挚友. They are friends but not intimate enough to be c

13、urious about each others private life and thoughts.3. Does a good conversation need a focal subject to talk about?No. Conversation does not need a focus. But when a focal焦点的subject appears in the natural flow of conversation, the conversation becomes vivid, lively and more interesting.4. Why did the

14、 people talk about Australia? Why did the conversation turn to Norman England?The people talked about Australia because the speaker who introduced the subject mentioned incidentally that it was an Australian who had given her such a definition of the Kings English. When the people talked about the r

15、esistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for English as it should be spoken, the conversation moved to Norman England because at that time a language barrier existed between the Saxon peasants and the Norman conquerors.5. How does the use of words show class

16、distinction?The Saxon peasants and their Norman conquerors used different words for the same thing. For examples see paragraph 9.6. Can you guess the writers views on bilingual education? (para 11)The writer seems to be in favor of bilingual education. He is against any form of cultural barrier or t

17、he cultural humiliation of any section or group of people.7. Why was the term Queens English used in 1593 and the King s Englishin 16027The term the Queens English was used in 1953 by Nash because at that time the reigning monarch was a queen, Elizabeth I. The term the Kings English is the more comm

18、on form because the ruling monarch is generally a king. Those who are not very particular may use the term the Kings English, even when the ruling monarch is a queen. In 1602, Dekker used the term the Kings English, although the reigning monarch was still Queen Elizabeth.8. When wasthe Kings English

19、 regarded as a form of racial discrimination in England?“The Kings English” was regarded as a form 0f racial discrimination during the Norman rule in England about 115413999. What is the attitude of the writer towards the Kings English ?The writer thinks “the Kings English” is a class representation

20、 of reality1t is worth trying to speak “the Kings English”，but it should not be 1aid down as an edict，and made immune to change from belowThe Kings English is a model a rich and instructive one- but it ought not to be an ultimatum最后通碟10. What does the writer mean when he says, the Kings English, lik

21、e the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality ? (para 16)During the Norman period，the ruling class spoke Anglo-French while the peasants spoke their native Saxon languageLanguage bears the stamp of the class that uses itThe Kings English today refers to the language used by

22、 the upper，educated class in EnglandIII. Questions on appreciation: 1. In what way is pub talk connected with the Kings English? Is the title of the piece well chosen?The title of this piece is not well chosenIt misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsi

23、c or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the Kings EnglishWhereas the writerin reality，is just discoursing on what makes good conversationThe Kings English is connected with “pub talk” when the writer describes the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the to

24、pic “the Kings English” to illustrate his point that bar conversation in a pub has a charm of its own 2. Point out the literary and historical allusions used in this piece and comment on their use.1n this essay the writer alluded to many historical and literary event such as the Norman conquest，the

25、saloons of 18th century Paris，and the words of many a man of letters For a short expository essay like this，the allusions used are more than expected and desirable 3. What is the function of para 5? Is the change from pub talk to the Kings English too abrupt?Paragraph 5 is a transition paragraph by

26、means of which the writer passes from a general discourse on good conversation to a particular instance of itBut one feels the change from “pub talk” to “the Kings English” a bit too abrupt 4. Do the simple idiomatic expressions like to be on the rocks, out of bed on the wrong side, etc., go well wi

27、th the copious literary and historical allusions the writer uses? Give your reasons.The simple idiomatic expressions like to be on the rocks，out of bed on the wrong side，etc”may be said to go well with the copious literary and historical allusions the writer used for an informal conversational style

28、 to Suit the theme of this essay in which the writer tries to defend informal uses of language 5. Does the writer reveal his political inclination in this piece of writing? How?The writers attitude towards “the Kings English” shows that he is a defender of democracyIV. Paraphrase:1. And it is an acu

29、vity only of humans. (para 1)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation) 2. Conversation is not for making a point. (para 2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view 3. In fact, the best

30、 conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para 2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives. (para 3)People who meet each other for a dr

31、ink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives 5. it could still go ignorantly on (para 6)The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong 6. There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf

32、). (para 9)These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para 11) The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、rulers 8. English had come royally into its own. (para 13)The English