中国文化社会政治经济专项词汇.docx

1、中国文化社会政治经济专项词汇中国文化、社会、经济、政治（专项词汇）重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk art独特的艺术价值 unique artistic values诚实守信 honesty爱国主义精神 patriotism国宝 national treasure文物 cultural relics华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors文人 scholar; the intellectual雅士 refined scholar才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

2、高雅艺术 refined/high art中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用 to make the past serve the present洋为中用 to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times文明摇篮 cradle of civilization古文明 ancient civilization博大精深 to be extensive and profound享有的美誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为 to be h

3、onored/crowned as 占据重要地位 to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place 肩负的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of与密不可分 to be closely associated with推广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平 to promote world peace增进友谊 to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities文化产业 cultu

4、re industry文化底蕴 cultural deposit文化事业 cultural undertaking文化交流 cultural exchange文化冲击 culture shock文化差异 cultural difference民族特性和价值观 national identity and value在各地差异很大 to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture促进交流 to promote exchanges蓬勃发展 to flourish丰富多彩 t

5、o be rich and colorful风俗习惯 custom禁忌 taboo中华民族 the Chinese nation传统美德 traditional virtues尊敬老人 to respect the elderly赡养父母 to support/take care of parents继承 to inherit后人 later generation 强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body益寿延年 to prolong life保佑平安 to keep sb. safe象征意义 symbolic me

6、aning象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste传统文化传统工艺品 traditional handicraft形状不一 different shapes材质各异 various materials质地坚硬 hard texture造型生动 vivid figure色彩丰富 rich colors风格独特 characteristic/unique style中医 traditional Chinese medicine 中草药 herbal medicine望、闻

7、、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking症状 symptom针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage重大发明 a significant invention中国古代四大发明 the Four Great Inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 compass文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚 ink brush, inkstick, Xuan paper, i

8、nkstone汉字 Chinese character笔划 stroke四书五经 the Four Books and the Five Classics唐诗宋词 poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties诗人 poet四大名著 the Four Great Classical Novels八股文 the eight-part essay普通话四声调 the four tones of Mandarin Chinese琴 棋 书 画 lute-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting 书法calligraphy中国画 tr

9、aditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting 民俗 folk custom文化遗产 cultural heritage非物质文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage吉祥/幸运数字 lucky number偶数/双数 even number奇数/单数 odd number吉祥物 mascot龙 dragon凤 phoenix龟 tortoise吉祥图案 lucky pattern姓氏文化 surname culture婚嫁习俗 marriage custom传统婚礼 tr

10、aditional wedding 葬礼习俗funeral custom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武术 martial arts中国功夫 Chinese Kung Fu太极 Tai Chi中国象棋 Chinese chess中国围棋 Go麻将 mahjong宗教 religion伊斯兰教 Islam清真寺 mosque寺庙 temple和尚/僧人 monk 民间故事 folk tale寓言 fable传说 legend凡间 human world思想学派 school of thought思想观念 ideology哲学家 philosopher思想家 th

11、inker创始人 founder代表人物 representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu; Lao Zi庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu论语 The Analects of Confucius道德经Tao Te Ching易经 The Book of Changes孙子兵法 The Art of War传统节日春节 the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year元宵节 the

12、Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day/Qing Ming Festival端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/Festival重阳节 the Double Ninth Day七夕节 the Double Seventh Day/QiXi Festival除夕 Chinese New Years Eve公历/阳历 solar calendar农历/阴历 lunar calendar庆祝（节日）celebrate; observe起源 origin起源于 to originate in/

13、from习俗 tradition; convention; custom年夜饭 annual reunion dinner拜年 to pay a New Year call探亲访友 to (pay a ) visit (to) relatives and friends亲朋好友 relatives and friends大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运 to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck 去除灾难 to ward off evils压岁钱 luck money发红包 to give mone

14、y in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度 to celebrate; the celebration of春联 spring couplets爆竹 firecrackers; fireworks年画 New Year pictures庙会 temple fair民间艺人 folk artist祭神 god-worshiping舞龙 dragon dance灯笼/花灯 (festival) lantern灯谜 lantern riddle有益的智力活动 beneficial intellectual activity中国结 Chinese k

15、not赛龙舟 dragon boat race 赏月 to enjoy the full moon 登高 hill climbing放风筝 to fly a kite荡秋千 to play/ride on a swing民间艺术中国传统戏曲 Chinese traditional operas京剧 Peking Opera 京剧脸谱 the facial makeup of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera Mask正面角色 positive role说、学、逗、唱 speaking, imitating; teasing and singing传统乐器 tradition

16、al instrument木偶戏 puppet show皮影戏 shadow play杂技 acrobatics相声 crosstalk说书 story-telling民间工艺 folk craft手艺 craftsmanship 工匠/手工艺人 craftsman剪纸 Chinese paper cutting刺绣 embroidery丝绸 silk纺织品 textile瓷器 porcelain; chinaware陶器 pottery; earthenware青铜器 bronze ware中国结 Chinese knot 泥塑 clay figure modeling中国玉器 Chines

17、e jade 雕刻 carving中餐及烹饪方法中国菜/中餐 Chinese cuisine; Chinese food八大菜系 Eight Cuisines粤菜 Canton cuisine国宴 state banquet色香味 outlook, flavor and taste香脆可口 crispy and tasty营养丰富 nutritious烹饪技巧 cooking technique煎 to fry炒 to stir-fry炸 to deep-fry烩/焖/炖 to stew蒸 to steam煮 to boil烘焙 to bake烤 to roast切条 to cut to st

18、rips切丁 to dice切碎 to mince磨碎 to grind饮食习惯 dietary habit特色食品 special food; specialty元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed bun包子 steamed stuffed bun拉面 hand-stretched noodles豆腐 tofu; bean curd麻花 fried dough twist皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fri

19、ed rice with egg 火锅 hot pot原材 ingredient调料 seasoning; dressing猪/牛肉丸 pork/beef ball鸭肉 duck蘑菇 mushroom北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant白酒 Chinese liquor中国历史四大文明古国之一 one of the four ancient civilizations中华文明 Chinese civilization文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization文明古国 ancient civilization人类文明史 t

20、he history of human civilization远古时代 ancient times原始社会 primitive society封建社会 feudal society源远流长/历史悠久 to have a long history; with a long history随着时间的推移 as time goes by朝代 dynasty春秋战国时期 the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period古都 ancient capital皇帝/君主 emperor; monarch勤政爱民 to be diligent and love

21、ones people退位 to give up the throne丞相/宰相 prime minister学者 scholar政治家 statesman军事家 military strategist鸦片战争 the Opium War南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919抗日战争 the Anti-Japanese War西安事变 Xian Incident南京大屠杀 Nanjing Massacre长征 the Long March历史遗留问题 a question l

22、eft over from history/the past在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion在世纪初 at the beginning of century迄今为止 up till now追溯到 to date back to; to be traced back to来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发祥地 birthplace兴起于，兴盛于 to emerge in and prosper in社会地位 social status建立（朝代） to build

23、; to found; to establish繁荣 to prosper/flourish灭亡 to collapse; to come to an end以命名 to be named after历史人物 historic figure闰年 leap year商业经济集体经济 collective economy计划经济 planned economy自由经济 liberal economy商品经济 commodity economy经济体制改革 reform of the economic system经济特区 special economic zone人均国民收入 national i

24、ncome per capita 第一产业/农业 primary industry; agriculture第二产业/工业 secondary industry; manufacturing第三产业/服务业 tertiary industry; service农业 farming林业 forestry畜牧业 animal husbandry副业 sideline production渔业 fishing经济增长率 economic growth rate财政政策 fiscal policy经济结构调整 adjustment of economic structure优化经济结构 to opti

25、mize the economic structure改善经济环境 to improve economic environment科学技术是第一生产力 science and technology are the primary productive forces国有资产 state-owned property开放国内市场 to open domestic market缩小贫富差距 to narrow the gap between the rich and poor 消除贫困 to eliminate poverty共同富裕 common prosperity经济形势 economic s

26、ituation经济波动 economic fluctuation经济衰退 economic depression; recession经济稳定 economic stability经济政策 economic policy经济复原 economic recovery经济奇迹 economic miracle经济起飞 economic take-off全球经济 global economy经济学家 economist企业家 entrepreneur经济全球化 economic globalization市场经济 market economy市场调节 marker regulation市场多元化

27、market diversification推动经贸合作 to boost economic and trade cooperation商界 business communities互惠互利 mutual benefit总需求 aggregate/total demand总供给 aggregate supply扩大内需 to expand domestic demand团购 group buying财政预算 financial budget耐用消费品 durable consumer goods 年末促销 year-end promotion垄断 monopoly垄断行业 monopoly i

28、ndustry市场占有率 market share生产力/生产率 productivity经济增长放缓 economic slowdown国有企业 state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业 private business 合资企业 joint venture民营企业 privately-run business中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业 small and micro-sized firm民间资本 private capital民间投资 private investment泡沫经济 bubble economy

29、经济过热 overheating of economy 实体经济 the real economy外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserve国内/国际贸易 domestic/international trade对外贸易 foreign trade贸易条件 terms of trade不公平竞争 unfair competition海关 customs关税 customs duty水货/走私货 smuggled goods 产品质量 product quality高度评价 to speak highly of物美价廉 competitive price

30、 and superior quality销量/销售额 sales存货/库存量 stocks金融组织 fiinancial institution商业信誉 commercial reputation管理机制 management mechanism改善服务 to improve services延长保修期 to extend maintenance制造商/制造厂 manufacturer原材料 raw material 样品 sample大规模生产 mass production年产量 annual output劳动力密集型产业 labour-intensive industry知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry工作歧视 discrimination in workplace高消耗 high consumption 高投入 high investment沿袭模式 to continue with the model of住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan分期付款 t