英语语法主谓一致.ppt.ppt

1、主谓一致要点精讲,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。,意义一致的原则,（一）谓语动词为单数的情况,1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.(那个工人兼作家)(比较：The worker and the writer

2、are from Beijing.那位工人和那位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.Every and(every),each and(each,no and(no),many a and(many a)连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.3.one/every one/each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语。Each of the stu

3、dents has a book.,4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.5.以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。Maths is one of my favorite subjects.6.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.7.由ev

4、ery-,any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Is everyone here today?8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.Whatever was left was taken away.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2.people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police

5、 are looking for the missing child.3.goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主语。The goods were sold out.4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.5.a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。A number of students are reading books in the classroom.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,1.集体名词class,famil

6、y,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。His family is a great one.His family are music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works is near the station.Two new steel works are being built.,3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词

7、”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.Some kinds of animals are dying out.4.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.5.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。Two thirds of the students are gir

8、ls in our class.Two thirds of building was painted.,就近一致原则,由or,either or,neithernor,not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.但注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/among/as well as/no m

9、ore than/besides/rather than+名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being,此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子：These two

10、dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?,1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is

11、 Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is,此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：,This class consists of 45 students.Mr Green teaches it 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。This class are all diligent.Mr Green teaches th

12、em.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。,It was late,but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。The audience were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪。,The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。,但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggageluggage

13、行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），例如：Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？What he said is quite correct他所说的完全正确。What he left me are only a few old

14、books他给我留下的只是几本旧书。,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？,1.You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他？Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is,在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。,1One or two days _ enough to see the cit

15、y Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe

16、,下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered,用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。,1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3No one except my parents _ anythin