一起学网校自考国际商务英语第二单元复习资料一.docx

1、一起学网校自考国际商务英语第二单元复习资料一国际商务英语复习资料一、汉译英1、 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、 有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，岀口或进口到另一国消费或转售。Visible trade r

2、efers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、 外国直接投资，简称 FDI。投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、 国民

3、生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、 日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴， 两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。中日贸易关系对两国都有重要 的意义。With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and t

4、he two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、 加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。 加美两佃以其富有的市 场，拥有世界最大的双边贸易。Sharing a very long common border along which most of the Canadian people live, Canade a

5、nd the United States, with their respective rich market, enjoy the largest single bilateral trade in the world.7、 欧盟委员会是它的执行机构，有 20个委员会，管理23个负责不同事务的部门。Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of different affairs.8、 尽管内部存在矛盾，外部有来自非

6、欧佩克产油国的竞争，但欧佩克这个占世界产油量 40%的组织 对油价的影响是世界各国无法忽视的。Despite internal contradictions and cornpetition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglect.9、 过去十年中，亚太经济合作组织越来越受到人们的关注。 由

7、于中国在其中发挥了积极的作用， 中国人尤其关注这个组织。Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing an active role it.10、 广阔的地域分布是跨国企业的一个特点，这使得它在资源和定价的决策上有很大的选择范围，也 使它能更方便地利用世界经济的变化。Wide geographical spread is characteristic o

8、f MNEs. It enables them to have a wide range of options in terms of decision-makings on sourcing and pricing. They are also more able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.11、 技术、资本和现成的市场是跨国企业组织带给欠发达国家的利益。跨国企业被认为是促进世界和 各国经济发展的最有效的工具。Technology, capital and ready mark

9、ets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-developed countries. They are considered to be the most effective vehicle for the promoting of global and national economic welfare.12、 按照比较学说的观点，一国只要出口相对有优势的产品，而不是有绝对优势的产品，就可以从中受益。According to the comparative advantage, a country can benefit from trade if

10、 only it has a comparative advantage, not absolute advantage, in producing certain product.13、 贸易的比较优势是基于比较优势理论，即各国生产相比较而言效率更高的那种特殊产品。更理想 的是，各国集中专门生产它的特殊产品，然后再进行相互间的贸易。The advantage of trade are based on the theory of comparative advantage, where each country produces a particular product more effic

11、iently than another. Ideally, each country focuses re-sources on producing its specialty, and then trades with one an-other.14、 总的来说，国际专门化理论寻求回答的是哪些国家将生产什么产品， 以及采用什么样的贸易结构。To summarize, the theory of international specialization seeks to answer the question which countries will produce what goods, w

12、ith what trade patterns among them.15、 最惠国待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只是正常的贸易地位。受惠国只是享有被征收关税表中最低 关税的待遇。The most-favored nation treatment is not really a special treatment but a normal trading status. The favored country is given the lowest tariffs only within the tariff schedule.16、 无形贸易也被称作服务贸易。在一些发达国家，无形贸易已经占据这些

13、国家的国内生产总值的相 当份额。Invisible trade is also called service trade. In some developed countries, the invisible trade has taken quite a large share in their gross domestic production.17、 买卖双方在制定合同时， 如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照， 他们就肯定简单、可靠地确定各自的责任。If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly

14、 understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.18、 当卖方不得不提示可转让的运输单据，尤其是岀售货物所常用的提单时，就会产生特殊麻烦。Particular problems arise when the seller has to present a negotiable transport document and notably the bill of lading which is f

15、requently used for the purpose of selling the goods while they are being carried.19、 2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展， 商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加， 以及运输方式的变化。The 2000revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the change in transport pra

16、ctices.20、 书面谈判往往以买方询盘开始，发生询盘是为了了解预购货物的有关信息，包括各种贸易条件。Written negotiations often begin with enquires made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered including all the terms of trade.21、 虽然多数合同并不引起纠纷，但合同是依法实施的，任何一方当事人若未能履行合同义务，可能 会受到起诉并被强制作岀赔偿。It is enforceable by law, and any part

17、y that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、 虽然易货贸易是原始、低效，并且昂贵的贸易方式，但是发展中国家巨大的债务以及世界上大量 的商品过剩使其不可避免。Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debt

18、s of developing countries and the world oversupply of goods make it inescapable.23、 对销贸易可帮助有严重债务的国家继续进口商品而实际上向债权人掩盖出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、 在国际贸易中，由于交易当事人很难充分了解彼此的

19、财务信息和信誉状况，很难建立相互信任。In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each others financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、 如果进口国的政局稳定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待货卖出 后再收回货款。If the importing country has a stable politi

20、cal situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、 在付款交单的情况下，进口商在承兑了岀口商所开岀的汇票后，便可得到单据，而付款则要晚于 这个时间。In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once th

21、e bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.27、 卖方凭提交的正确无误的单据得到货款，买方凭规定的单据得到货物，这种双边保证是信用证独 特的，具有代表性的特征。Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods. This bil

22、ateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.28、 受益人要对信用证的所有内容进行认真审核，以便保证安全及时地收到货款。He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、 国际贸易中所使用的信用证多数为跟单信用证，即要求装运单据和汇票提示的信用证。Most of the cre

23、dits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e. credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30、 可撤销信用证是指在未同受益人协商的情况下对承诺进行改变，甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary

24、.31、 在保兑信用证中受益人得到双重付款保证，因为保兑银行，在开证行承担付款义务的基础上又加 上自己的承诺。Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、 各种单证上所列的商品名称、数量、金额等项目要严格地与信用证上所列的项目一致。All the items listed on different docume

25、nts such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.33、 商业发票是所要求的最常见的单证之一。它是缮制其他单证的基础。Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents. It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、 提单是国际贸易中最重要

26、的单证之一。有了它，合法持有者才可以到目的地提货。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、 常见的运输方式有水路、铁路、公路、管道及航空运输。The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.

27、36、 运输在生产过程中起着重要的作用。一方面，它将原材料、劳动力运到所需的地方。另一方面， 将中间产品运到其他厂商供生产使用或把制成品运到消费者手中。Transportation plays an important role in production. On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed. On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use

28、in their production process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、 保险单是投保人与承保人之间的保险契约。一旦投保人购买了保单，其特定风险就从投保人转移 到承保人。Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer. Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insur

29、ance company from the insured.38、 由承保人从投保人处收集的保险费作为共同基金，受损方的索赔费从此基金中支付。The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.39、 货物保险是一种旨在将风险从进口商和岀口商转移到专门承担风险的保险一方的活动。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed

30、 at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、 最大诚信原则适用于各种保险，如某人要投保人寿险，他要如实告知其身体状况。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance. If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he

31、 has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.41、 如果投保人有意隐瞒任何事情，或故意误导，其行为都被视为欺诈，因此保险合同无效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、 在赔偿保险索赔时，凭借保险合同，保险公司将使受损人的利益恢复到发生损害前的同等状况。In compensating claims, insurance c

32、ompany will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.43、 第一次民界大战之前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定 其货币的平价。Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、 在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇汇率。Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of ones own currency.45、 外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率