高三英语被动语态易错剖析及解析.docx

1、高三英语被动语态易错剖析及解析高三英语被动语态易错剖析及解析一、单项选择被动语态1A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.Aare trapping Bhave been trappedCwere trapping Dhad been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，

2、two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。2 A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman_ to be infected with the bird flu virus.Aconfirmed Bhad b

3、een confirmedCwas confirmed Dhave confirmed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。考点：考查时态与被动语态3The old man was weak after the accident; so he _ carefully by us.Amust be take care

4、of Bmust take care ofCmust look after Dmust be looked after【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：事故发生后，老人很虚弱；所以他必须由我们仔细照顾。固定词组：take care of/ looked after“照顾”；句子主语he和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以这里是含情态动词的被动语态，“情态动词+be +过去分词”。故选D。4I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.Ahave told；washes Bhave been told

5、；washesCwas told；washed Dhave been told；is washed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查语态时态。句意：因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗，于是我想去买这种布。第一空中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，且I与tell是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词wash与副词well连用，用主动形式表示被动含义。故B项正确。【点睛】小题2中考查了主动表示被动的用法，涉及“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下：1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),

6、sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:Yourreasonsoundsreasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。2)一些与cant(不能)或wont(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open（打开，营业）,close（关门）,cut（切割）,weigh（重）,act（上演）,例如:Thedoorwontopen.这门打不开。Itcantmove.它不能动。Thisshopopensmuchearlierthanitusedto.Eachsto

7、neweighs2tons.3)一些与well(很),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如:sell,wash,clean,burn,cook,wash,write,last,read,wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如:Thebooksellswell. 这种书很畅销。Theseclotheswashwell.这些衣服很耐洗。4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如:Thismaterialhaswornthin.这料子已磨薄了。 Thedusthasblownintothehouse.灰尘被风吹进了房

8、子。Thiskindofclothwasheswellandlastslong. Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly. WritteninsimpleEnglish,thisarticlereadseasily.5)某些不及物动词，如happen,occur,cost以及短语，如comeout（出版）,comeup（出现）,comeintobeing（产生）cometoonesmind（想起）,turnout（证明是）,comeabout（发生）,breakout（爆发）,belongto（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主

9、动形式。ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.Suddenlyanideacametohismind.Itneveroccurredtometophoneyou.5The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.AtreatedBwere treatedCwould treatDwould be treated【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态的用法。句意

10、：在旅馆里客人被对待的方式影响他们对服务的评价。the guests _ in the hotel是定语从句U，修饰The way，treat是从句的谓语动词，The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故选B。6 Can we play basketball in the school gym? No, it _ during the summer holidays.Ais repaired Bis being repairedCwas repaired Dhas been repaired【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意：-

11、我们可以在学校操场上打篮球吗？-不行，暑假期间操场正在被修葺。根据句意可知，这里是表示正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。主语it和动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选B。7A new function of Chinas official train ticket booking website _to boost buyers chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush.Awill be expected Bexpects Chas been expected Dis expec

12、ted【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票机会。be expected to do表示“有望”，常用于一般现在时，故D项正确。8The house, which _ last night, _ my aunt but she doesnt live there any more.Awas broken into; is belonged to Bbroke into; is belonged toCbroke into; belonging to Dwas broken into; belongs to【答案】D【解析】【详解

13、】考查被动语态和主动语态。句意：这所房子昨晚被拆了，它属于我的姑妈，但她已经不在那里住了。第一空，根据last night 及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，break into“破门而入”，答案为was broken into；第二空，belong to“属于”，无进行和被动语态，结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，答案为belongs to。故选D。9This is one of the best films _.Athat have been shown this year Bthat have shownCthat has been shown this year Dthat you

14、 talked【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语从句，先行词为the one，有最高级the best 修饰，关系代词应该用that，在从句中作主语，语境表明使用现在完成时，而且谓语要用第三人称单数，故C项正确。10Its great that all the visitors who on the island were saved.Atrapped Bhave been trappedChad trapped Dhad been trapped【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太

15、棒了。由were saved可知此事发生在过去，且被困应在被救之前，应用过去完成时；同时，visitors和trap构成被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故D选项正确。11We must apply what we have learned to our work because in no case _ from practice.Ashould theory separate Btheory should be separatedCtheory should separate Dshould theory be separated【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我们必须把我们学到的应

16、用到实际生活中去，因为在任何情况下理论都不应该脱离实际。这里是apply sth to sth把应用到，in no case在从句中的句首，所以应该用倒装，又因为theory与separate之间是被动关系，故选D。考点：考查倒装的用法。点评：本题难度适中。倒装是高中阶段的重要的语法项目，它们的各种情况比较多，需要考生牢记它们的用法，但是在从句中的这种倒装更增加了试题的难度。即学即练：Can you explain_most deserts are located near the west coast of the continents? A. why is it that B. why i

17、t is thatC. how it is that D. how is it that解析：B。句意：由句子结构可知，强调句型“it is .that”对宾语从句的引导词进行强调，应用陈述语序，再由句意可知，选B。12It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that _ for the death of so many innocent people.Aare blamed Bwas to blame Cwas blamed Dwere to blame【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致以及be to blame的用法

18、。句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人类的死亡负责。be to blame for表示“应受责备，应对负责”时，固定短语，因此排除A、C项；这里强调主语the natural disaster，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与主语保持一致，即与the natural disaster保持一致，因此用was to blame，故选B项。13All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.Ashould be; be operated onBwere; must b

19、e operated onCbe; was operated onDwas; be operated on【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查insist的用法。句意：医院里所有的医生都认为他受伤很严重，要求他立即动手术。insist作“坚决要求做某事”讲时，要用虚拟语气；当“坚持说，坚持陈述某事实”解时，用陈述语气。考点 : 考查insist的用法14Quantities of soil _ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters.Ais washed away Bhave washed awayC

20、have washed away Dhave been washed away【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走了，结果导致自然灾害数量增加。句中soil和wash away是被动关系，此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响，故要用现在完成时，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。15Do you know why a meeting by the middle school teachers last Sunday?To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class.Aw

21、as held Bhad been heldChas held Dheld【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。meeting是hold逻辑上的宾语，故用被动语态，再由时间状语last Sunday可知用一般过去时。故选A。句意：你知道为什么上星期日中学老师召开会议吗？要求更小班，每个班不超过25-30个学生。16The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report. Oh，my god ! I havent finished it yet. But he _ back at the

22、 company tomorrow.Awas expected Bwill expectCexpected Dwill be expected【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态。句意：经理出差回来了。他正在问你要报告。哦，天哪，我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根据语境，是过去预料他明天会回来，而且经理是被预计，故用一般过去时的被动。故选A。【名师点睛】时态的考查要根据本句的句意，这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时间，要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语态。考点：考查时态和语态17The affairs of each country should be by its own pe

23、ople.Aelected BsettledCdeveloped Dcontained【答案】B【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。故选B。18(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing_shortly.Awill be published Bhave been publishedChad been published Dare

24、 published【答案】A【解析】考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。答案：A19The two nurses _ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion.Arewarded Bwould be rewardedChave been rewarded Dhad been rewarded【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆

25、炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。考点：考查时态和语态20This is one of the highest buildings that _ in our city recently.Ahas been built BbuildChave been built Dhave built【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在完成时

26、态的被动语态。句意：这是最近我们城市建设的众多最高的建筑中的一座。此处the highest buildings是先行词，指物，复数形式，且和build之间是被动关系，再根据recently所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态，故选C。21It is _ that the financial crisis is disappearing in some countries.Areported Bto report Creporting Dbeing reported【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查被动语态。句意：据报道，金融危机正在一些国家消退。句中It为形式主语，that引导的从句为主语从句，是真

27、正的主句的主语，所缺词为主句谓语动词，主语与动词report是逻辑上的动宾关系，是动作的接受者，所以用被动语态。故选A。22 I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didnt you drive him there? I _. But my car _ .Awould; was fixed Bwould have; was fixedCwould have; was being fixed Ddid; was being fixed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：-我看见你叔叔坐出租车去机场了。你为什么不开车送

28、他去那里呢？-我本来想送他了。但是我的汽车当时正在修理。根据语境可知说话人表示本来想做但是没有做的事情，应该用would have done；而修理汽车是指当他叔叔去机场的时候，表示过去正在进行的动作，故答案选C。23If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened.Ahad been put Bwere put Cshould be put Dwould be put【答案】A【解析】【分析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是

29、对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。【点睛】英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if从句的谓语动词主句

30、谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+动词原形2.与过去事实相反had donewould/could/might/should+have done3.与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were to+动词原形would/could/might/should+动词原形与现在事实相反if从句：动词过去式（be-were）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldnt do