谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义.docx

1、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进

2、行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些

3、句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式

4、和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，e

5、asy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5. 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lo

6、se（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表

7、示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。The building is under construction( is being constructed).2. “beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond

8、 our hope 我们的成功始料不及。The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3. “above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4. “for+名 词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold)

9、.5. “in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed) 晚练21高一英语牛津版模块四Unit1Advertising单元练习一单项选择：1 It is a pity that quite a lot of customers _ the advertisements and buy a lot of goods they dont really need.A fall for B have fallen for C fe

10、ll into D have fallen into2 I dont think the man is _ for the job, for he is not _to do it.A accessible, qualified B available, qualified C available, qualifying D accessible, qualifying3 These naughty boys couldnt, _,get out of the troublesome problem by themselves.A although B though C as if D eve

11、n if4 In my opinion, the best friend is one _your sorrows and joys.A with which to share B with whom to share C with that to share D with whom sharing5 Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up _ I could answer the phone.A .as B. since C .until D. before6 The key_ the problem b

12、etween the company and the consumer is_ the demands_ by the consumers.A to solving, to meet, making B to solving, to meet, madeC to solve, met, making D to solve, meeting, made7 -I put him down as a well-educated man. -_?-I mean that he is a well-educated man.A I beg your pardon B Speak louder, plea

13、se C What is that? D Will you repeat your words8 _ do you think of the design of the cloth?A What, type B How, design C Who, color D What, design9 He was unable to _ to the group what he meant.A get through B get across C get down D get around10 He suddenly saw Sue _ the room. He pushed his way _ th

14、e crowd of people to get to her.A across, across B over, through C over, into D across, through11 He left the place, _never _ back again.A determined, to come B being determined, to come C determined, coming D determining, coming12 Within a year he _ from teller to assistant cashier.A promoted B was

15、 promoted C had promoted D had been promoted13 If you dont like it, you dont have to _.A pay B pay it C pay for D pay for the money14 -He hasnt slept at all for three days. He is tired out. _.A There is no point B There is no need C it is no wonder D it is no way15 Do remember go and see your uncle

16、whenever _.A you are convenient B you will be convenient C it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you 16 This story had a _ending.A satisfied B satisfying C satisfaction D satisfy17 _ criticized, Mike would accept none of them.A His being B While being C Even if being D Even if18 Where d

17、o you _ going for your holidays this year?A intend B expect C pretend D mean19 -Is Bob still performing? -Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A .to have left B to leave C to have been left D to be left20 I dont know what_.A was the matter B is the matter C the

18、matter was D the matter is21 When do you think _visit her uncle?A she was going? B she will go to C will she go D will she go to22 Please tell me _ to have your coffee-black or white?A what would you like B what you would like C how you would like D how would you like23 Do you know_?A how many stoma

19、chs does an ant have B how many stomaches an ant hasC how many stomachs an ant has D how many stomaches an ant have24 The manager left word with his secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A who B which C as D that25 I wonder whether he knows_ to write a book.A how great pains it will cost

20、B what great pains will it takeC what great pains it will cost D what great pains it will take26 It is said that Tom _ in public.A laughed B is laughed C has been laughed at D laughs at27 The young man asked the tailor _.A how long would the coat be ready B how soon would the coat be readyC how long

21、 the coat would be ready D how soon the coat would be ready28 The manager warned his driver _ after drinking.A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive29 On his way home from Shanghai he told me that he _ Shanghai again.A had visited B has visited C would visit D will visit30 _f

22、lowers, the pupils sent their teachers a nice greeting card for her birthday.A Beside B Except for C Besides D Except31 It is only _ 20 minutes ride from here to _ Stone Company.A a, the B /, a C /; the D the; /32 Please pass me the pen_ cap is broken.A that which C whose D of which33 All the electr

23、ical equipment _ will be equipped in the office _ great importance to us.A that; are of B that; is of C what; is of D what; are of34 Please go to the station and _ the time when the train will leave.A make sure B find out C find D discover35 It is required that the work _done next week.A will be B i

24、s C be D must be36 He tried many times to sneak across the border to a neighboring country, _each time.A having been caught B unluckily caught C always being caught D only to be caught37 You can never imagine what great difficulty we had_ your house last time.A found B to find C finding D for findin

25、g38 We must work hard to _ the environment from_.A protect, pollution B protect, being polluting C prevent, been polluted D prevent ,polluting39 The staple foods eaten in any country depend largely on _ best in its climate and soil.A how it grows B that it grows C what grows D whether it grows40 The

26、 man asked_.A was there anything he could do B whether there was anything what he could doC there was anything what he could do D if there was anything that he could do 高一英语晚练22一单词拼写（20分）1. This kind of medicine will c_ your headache.2. We are to _(登广告) a secretary in the newspapers.3. I cant i_ liv

27、ing in such a big city.4. Tickets are _(可得到)free of charge from the school.5. The girl has _(独一无二)thinking and rich imagination.6. This is a good_(抉择) for you.7. PSAs are meant to_(促进)products and public services.8. Ads often use _(有说服力)texts to appeal to you.9. He r_ me a good book yesterday10. The

28、 packaging of the product is _(显眼)11. All of us have been a_ that ads play an important role in our daily life.12. They made a c_ that this type of digital camera was of high quality.11. His lie was so touching that many of his friend f_ for it.14. This new kind of computers are so small and light t

29、hat they are c _to carry about.15. His unique a_ to the problem was thought highly of by the teacher.16. Many young people like his songs, that is to say, his songs a_ to young people.17. He p_ me to go shopping and I bought a big pack of goods.18. Your job is p_ the new product to make it known to

30、consumers.19. That hotel is famous for its fine s_. The waiters and waitresses are friendly and polite.20. Some commercial ads dont tell the truth, so be s_ about them.二、单选题1. While doing shopping, people sometimes cant help _into buying somethingthey dont really want.A. persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. to be per