英语新同步译林选修八江苏专用讲义Unit 2 Section Ⅳ GrammarWriting.docx

1、英语新同步译林选修八江苏专用讲义Unit 2 Section Grammar WritingSection_Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现In the story, a girl named Zhu Yingtai is stubborn and wants to go to school, but cant (go to school) because only boys are admitted. If he says hell come, he will (come). but the performance (that) I saw was the first

2、time Turandot was staged inside the Forbidden City.This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday.I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to (see the film)However, although he would like to (break his promise), he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.T

3、hough (he is) young, he knows a lot.Once (the plan is) carried out, the plan cant be changed.We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient.If (it is) necessary, please call me up.He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.The boy said (that) you were too young to under

4、stand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.我的发现(1)第组例句属于承前省略。(2)第组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。(3)第组为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。(4)第组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，而从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。(5)第组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语为it，谓语为is/was时，可以将it_is/was省略。(6)第组体现的是当及

5、物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的由连词that连接的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个连词that的情况。在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替代省略。一、省略在简单句中的应用1祈使句的省略。在祈使句中通常省略主语。(You) Do be careful of such things in the future.今后一定要小心此类事情。(You) Speak a little slower. I cant follo

6、w you.你讲慢一点，我听不清楚。2在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗？3疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。Are you a student?Yes, I am (a student)你是一名学生吗？是的，我是(一名学生)。4感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。What a beautiful girl (she is)!(她是)多漂亮的一个女孩呀！即时演练1(1)写出下列句子的省略部分(Are_there) Any questions?Are you tired?Yes, I am

7、 (tired)What a hot day (it_is)!(2)(2016浙江高考)Are you sure youre ready for the test?_.Im well prepared for it.AIm afraid not BNo problemCHard to say DNot really解析：选B句意：“你确定为考试做好准备了吗？”“没问题(no problem)，我准备好了。”故选B项。(3)(全国高考)Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why _？ John is sitting there doi

8、ng nothing.Ahim BheCI Dme解析：选D人称代词独立使用时，经常用宾格形式。答句句意：为什么是我？约翰坐在那里什么也没干。二、省略在并列句中的应用在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，后一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。He teaches English and his brother (teaches) maths.他教英语，他弟弟教数学。Your advice made me happy, but (your advice made) Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。即时演练2(1)合并句子My shirt is white. His sh

9、irt is blue.My_shirt_is_white_and_his_blue.Tom turned on the radio. Tom listened to English.Tom_turned_on_the_radio_and_listened_to_English.(2)(全国卷)Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.Aneither wont Tom BTom wont eitherCTom will too Dso will Tom解析：选B句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句，故使用either，而to

10、o一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom，注意A项中neither表示否定意义，所以不能用wont。三、主从复合句中的省略1宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。2在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be一起省略掉。这种省略现象通常出现在以when,

11、 while, as, until, once, whether, if, unless, though, even if, where等连词连接的时间、条件、让步、地点等状语从句中。He fell in love with the girl while (he was) on a visit to New York.他是在游览纽约时爱上那位姑娘的。He will not go to the party even if (he is) invited.即使受到邀请，他也不去参加晚会。即时演练3(1)句型转换(每空一词)When you are listening to your teacher

12、, you must be careful.When listening to your teacher, you must be careful.You shouldnt come to his party unless you are invited.You shouldnt come to his party unless invited.(2)(2015湖南高考)Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.Ato leave BleavingCleave Dleft解析：选D句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子

13、游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left .是“连词过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。(3)(2014福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _， reaching 30 in summer.Aif not Bif everCif any Dif so解析：选B句意：这里的气候宜人，即使曾经发生过，在夏季气温达到30摄氏度的情况也很少出现。if not“如果不”；if ever“如果曾经有；如果

14、曾经发生”；if any“如果有的话”；if so“如果是这样的话”。if ever相当于if it (the temperature) ever reached 30 in summer。3定语从句中的省略。若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。即时演练4(1)句型转换(每空一词)I bought two books in the bookstore and they ar

15、e very interesting.The two books I bought in the bookstore are very interesting.(2)(安徽高考)You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.Athat; what Bwhat；/Cwhich; that D/; that解析：选B句意：你只能确信你目前拥有的，你不能确保你将来可能会获得的东西。此题中，what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语；t

16、hat引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，that可以省略。what不能引导定语从句。四、不定式的省略1并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2某些使役动词，如make, let, h

17、ave等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have和be。After he came back from

18、the war, he was a mere shadow of the man he used to be.从战场返回后，他就衰弱得不成样子。Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?Yes, but I oughtnt to have (told her about it)你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？是的。但是我本来不该告诉她。4介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。He could do nothing but give in to the robber.他什么也不能做只能屈服于

19、劫匪了。即时演练5(1)完成句子He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he is_allowed_to (被允许)Did you buy milk?No, I_meant_to (我本打算买的), but the shop was shut.The workers were made_to_overwork (被迫加班)We have nothing to do now but_wait (除了等)Im really puzzled how_to_think_and_say (怎么想，怎么说)(2)(全国卷)The driver wanted to park hi

20、s car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.Anot to do Bnot toCnot do Ddo not解析：选B句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。为了避免重复，常常省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。(3)(全国卷)Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?_， but I prom

21、ised Nancy to go out with her.AId like to BI like itCI dont DI will解析：选A句意：“你愿意上课前和我一起快速地吃个午餐吗？”“我愿意，但是我已经答应南希和她一起出去了。”简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。五、替代性省略1在一些交际用语中，think, suppose, expect, believe, guess, hope等后常用so, not替代上文出现的内容。Do you believe he lied?I believe not/that he didnt lie.你相信他撒谎了吗？我不相信。2so, nor,

22、 neither常用于句首替代前面提到的情况。If Joes wife wont go to the party, neither will he.如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会，那乔也不会去。3if so; if any中的so和any用来替代前面的情况。即时演练6(1)完成句子Everyone believes the plan is practical. What about you?I_dont_think_so (我不这么认为)Do you think he will win the game?I_hope_not (我希望不)Bill wasnt happy about the dela

23、y of the report of Jason, and neither_was_I (我也不满意)(2)(山东高考)Is Anne coming tomorrow?_. If she were to come, she would have called me.AGo ahead BCertainlyCThats right DI dont think so解析：选D句意：“安妮明天会来吗？”“我认为不会。如果她要来的话，她早就打电话告诉我了。”If she were to come“如果她要来的话”，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，而she would have called me“她早就

24、打电话告诉我了”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，说明安妮不会来，因此用I dont think so (我认为不会这样)。Go ahead “着手做某事，继续”；Certainly“当然可以”；Thats right“没错，好吧”。(3)(江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _， wed better take it to the garage immediately.AOtherwise BIf notCBut for that DIf so解析：选D从句意可知，此处表示对可能发生的事件的假设，因此选择if

25、 so“如果这样的话”，so代替前面句子中提到的情况。.完成句子(使用恰当的省略结构完成下列句子)1It is said that you are still a leading chef in that fivestar hotel. Is that true?No, but _I_used_to_be (我以前是)2Students are not allowed to enter the principals office unless required_to/asked_to (被要求) have a talk with him.3While staring_at_(盯着看) the

26、colourful goldfish in the pond, he almost lost himself in the situation and everything around him even became silent.4It is said that house prices will continue to decline in the next few years.I_hope_so (我希望如此). The present prices are beyond the reach of most common people.5He wasnt punished for hi

27、s severe mistakes in the exam.Yes, but he_should_have_been (他本应该被惩罚的)6You can never imagine the difficulty I had solving_the_problem (解决问题).单项填空1Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.Ahaving compared to Bcomparing toCcompare to Dcompared to解析：选D句意：电影

28、的历史相当短，尤其是同音乐和绘画之类艺术形式相比较时。主语film是compare这个动作的受动者，所以用过去分词表被动。2Some more wine?Thank you. _. I have to drive home.AWith pleasure BThat would be niceCId rather not DJust what I need解析：选CWith pleasure“非常乐意(去做)”；That would be nice“那很好”；Id rather not“宁愿不要，不愿意”；Just what I need“正是我所需要的”。由答语最后一句“我得开车回家”可知，我

29、不愿再喝了，故C项正确。3Im sorry to say this, but the room here is very dirty._. I will ask someone to clean it right away.A.Its all rightBSorry to hear that CNever mindDThank you all the same time解析：选B句意：“我很遗憾地说这里的房间太脏了。”“听到你如此说我真是抱歉，我将马上找人来打扫。”4The hardworking farmers and their happy life _ we saw in the cou

30、ntryside made a wonderful impression on us.A/ BwhoCwhich Dwhom解析：选A先行词既有人又有物时关系代词应用that，作宾语时可省略。5(浙江高考)There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.Anot treated Bnot being treatedCnot to be treated Dnot having been treated解析：选A句意：有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严重的问题。when not treated in time是when some health problems are not treated in time的省略。6What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her bicycle.AAs she lost BLostCLosing DBecause of losing解