1、完整版人教版高中英语必修3重点词汇短语句型语法大全人教版高中英语必修 3重点词汇、短语、句型、语法大全Unitl Festivals around the world【重点词汇、短语】1.take place 发生2.religious 宗教的3.in memory of 纟己念4.belief 信任,信心,信仰5.dress up 盛装,打扮6.trick 诡计,窍门7.play a trick on 搞恶作剧,诈骗8.gain 获得9. gather搜集,集合10. award奖品,授予11. admire赞美,钦佩12.look forward to 期望,盼望13.day and ni
2、ght 日夜14.as though 好像15.have fun with 玩的开心17. turn up 出现,到场18. keep ones word守信用19. hold ones breath屏息20. apologize道歉21. obvious显然的22. set off出发,动身,使爆炸【重点句型】1.Please make sure whe n and where the accide nt took place.请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。2.Some festival are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please t
3、hean cestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.还有一些节日,是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先,因为(祖先们)有可能回到世上帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。3.In Japan the festival is called Obon , when people should go to cleanthe graves and light incense in memory of their an cestors. (非限制性定语从句)在日本,这个节叫孟兰盆节,在这个节日里,人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香,以缅怀祖先。4.They dre
4、ss up and try to frighte n people.他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。5.If they are not give n any thi ng, the childre n might play a trick.如果你什么也不打发给孩子,他们可能会捉弄别人6.In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour MahatmaGan dhi, the leader who helped gain In dias in depe ndence from Brita in.在印度,10月2日是纪念马哈特马.甘地
5、的全国性节日,他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。7.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that lookforward to the end of win ter and to the coming of spri ng.最富生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。8.The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.整个国度处处都是樱花
6、盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。【语法总结】情态动词定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使 用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认 为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词数量不多,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, n eed, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.can和could 的用法1.表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。注意:could 也可表示请求,语气委婉,
7、主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can。can表示能力时,还可用 be able to 代替。2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)3.“ can (could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为 怀疑或不肯定。4.用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等。5.cannottoo.表示无论怎样 也不过分2.may 和might 的用法1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时, might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时 (口语中常用)no , you can t . or , yes, please 用 mustn t 表示“不
8、可以、 禁止、 阻 止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思 )。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I .征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。4.“ may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。3.must 禾口 have to 的用法1.表示必须、必要。( must表示主观多一些而 have to 则表示客观多一些)回答must引出的问句时, 如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn t,而要用needn t 或 don t have to 。2.“ mus
9、t be + 表语的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用 can代替must。3.“ must + have +过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用 can代替must。4.have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但 have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。注意:have to 也可拼做 have got to 。4.dare 和need 的用法1.need表示“需要,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, 或 should 代替。注意:need nt + 不定式的
10、完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事 |2.dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。3.dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实 义动词时,在肯定句中, dare后面通常接带 to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中, dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。5.shall和should 的用法1.shall的用法:1shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。2shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中, 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。3shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。2.sho
11、uld 的用法:1should 表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是 ought to ;在疑问句中,通常用should 代替 ought to 。2Why(or How) + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。3“ should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。6.will和would 的用法1.表示请求、建议等, would 比will委婉客气。2.表示意志、愿望和决心。3.用“ will be 和“ will(would) + have +过去分词的结构表示推测,主要用于第二
12、、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。4.would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。5.表料想或猜想。7.ought to 的用法1.ought to 表示应该。2.表示推测。注意与 must表示推测时的区别:(断定他已到家)(不十分肯定)(比较直率)(比较含蓄)He must be at home by now.He ought to be home by now.This is where the oil must be.This is where the oil ought to be.3.“ ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过
13、去应做某事而实际未做。ought 和should 的区别:1.ought 语气略强。2.should 较常用。3.ought在美国英语中用的很少,而 should 却相当常用。4.ought 属正式用语。8.used to , had better , would rather 的用法1.used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式 可不变。如:He told us he used to play football whe n he was young.2.had better 意为“最好,后接不带 to的不定式。3.would rather 意为“宁愿,表选择,
14、后接不带 to的不定式。Un it2 Healthy eat ing【重点词汇、短语】1.diet 日常饮食,节食2.bala nee 平衡,天平3.fry 油炸4.ought to 应该5.lose weigh 减肥6.raw 生的,未加工的7.get away with 被放过,(做坏事)不受惩罚8.tell a lie 说谎9.winback 赢回10.stre ngth 强项,长处,力量11.con sult 咨询,请教12.earn one s living 谋生13.debt 债14.in debt 欠债15.limit 限制,界限16.ben efit 利益b ine 联合,结合
15、18.cut down 削减,删节19.before long 不久以后【重点句型】1.The food you eat helps you grow in differe nt ways.你吃的食物能以不同的方式帮你成长。2.Standing on top of the tall buildi ng, we could see the whole city.站在高楼的顶部,我们能看到整个城市。3.Which food contains more sugar?哪一种食物含有更多的糖?4.What could have happe ned?可能发生了什么事?5.Somethi ng terrib
16、le must have happe ned if Maocha ng was not coming to eat with him as he always did.要是茂昌不像往常那样和他一起吃饭,那问题一定严重了。6.Curiosity drove Wang Pen gwei in side.王鹏伟受到好奇心的驱使,走了进去。7.We were surprised at finding the house empty.我们发现这个房子空无一人,感到惊讶。8.They had me repeat the message.他们让我把口信又重说了一遍。9.I have a lot of wor
17、k to do.我有很多工作要做no Ion ger popular.他可不希望由于他的餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。【语法总结】情态动词(详见第一单元语法总结)Un it3 The Miliio n Pou nd Ba nk Note【重点词汇、短语】1.bring up 抚养2.scene 现场,景色3.permit 许可,通行证4.go ahead 前进5.by accide nt 偶然6.stare 凝视,盯着看7.stare at 盯着看8.spot 发现,认出,斑点,污点9.accou nt 说明,总计有,账目,10.accou nt for 导致,做出解释11.seek 探索,寻求12.
18、con trary 反面,对立面15.in rags 衣衫褴褛16.i ndeed 真正地17.as for 关于,至于【重点句型】1.Have you ever made a bet with your frie nds?你曾和你的朋友们打过赌吗?2.Did he help you by accide nt or on purose?他是碰巧还是有意帮你?3.flowersI wonder, Mr Smith, if/whether you d mind us moving youroutdoors.史密斯先生,我不知道你是否介意我们把你的花移到室外去。4.You re about to h
19、ear the most in credible tale.你们马上就要听到一个最难以置信的故事。5.Permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。6.After the rain, we went ahead with our work.雨停之后,我们继续工作。7.And it was the ship that brought you to En gla nd.正是那艘船把你带到了英国8.I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounted for my appeara nee.我是
20、作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费,这就是我为什么会衣冠不整的原因 了。9.Dick found himself walk ing in the direct ion of the church.迪克发现自己不知不觉朝教堂方向走去。10.Even if/though he is very nice, I don t trust him.即使他很好,我也不太相信他。【语法总结】名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses )。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句
21、、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句1.名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类:1.that (无含义,不充当成分)3.连接 代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose.which,whichever. (在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语)连接副词: whe n, whe never,where,wherever, how, however,why (在从句中做状语)4.as if,as though,because (不充当成分,在名词性从句中只引导表语从句)2.四类名词性从句语法要点1.主语从句在整个句子中用作主语
22、的从句叫主语从句。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the En glish eve ning will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布it代替主语从句作形式it作形式主语:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。It is clear that he is innocent in the a
23、ccide nt.很明显,他在这场事故中是无辜的2.宾语从句在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow.are他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others good in no thi ng.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。it作形式宾语:在“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中,如果宾语是从句的形式, 则必须用it做形式宾语,把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。We foun
24、d it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day.我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。3.表语从句在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。This is because he has bee n work ing h
25、ard these days.这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。、八亠注意:because , as if 和 as though 在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。4.同位语从句在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句同位语的含义:在句子中,如果有两个名词,并且后一个名词是对前一个名词的 解释说明,它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物,那么,后面的名词就叫前面名 词的同位语。例如: This is my friend, Tom. ( Tom 是 my friend 的同位语。)可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、dema nd 、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information
26、、message 、news 、order 、problem 、promise 、question 、request 、suggestion 、truth 、wish、word 等扌由象名词。The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动I have no idea whe n he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来他想到可能玛丽The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.生病了同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that作为关系代词
27、,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句 :I had no idea that you were here .我不知道你在这里。(that无含义,that you were here 指的就是idea,所以是同位语从句,不能省略that )Have you got the idea (that ) this book gives you ?这本书给了你想法吗?(that指的是the idea , that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)3.连接词that在名词性从句中可以
28、省略的三种情况1.it做形式主语,that引导主语从句时It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.据说他一直在国外学习。2.动词宾语从句中I thi nk(that) you have much to improve in En glish.我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。3.形容词宾语从句中I am afraid (that) I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。Unit4 Astronomy : the scienee of the stars【重点词汇、短语】1.system 系统,体系2.theory 学说,理论3.viole
29、 nt 猛烈的,激烈的,4.in time 及时,终于5.un like 不同,不像6.harmful 有害的7.lay eggs 下蛋8.exist 存在,生存9.give birth to 产生,分娩10.in one s turn 轮到某人11.preve nt from 阻止12.puzzle 谜,难题/使迷惑13.pull 拉,牵引力14.cheer up 感到振奋15.now that 既然16.break out 突发,爆发17.watch out 密切注视【重点句型】1.We usually thi nk of scie nee subjects as physics, che
30、mistry, biology and mathematics.通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。2.Whe n are they to hand in their pla n?他们的计划什么时候交上来。3.Whether we help him or not, he will fail.不论我们帮助他与否,他都将失败。4.otherIt exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce thewater vapour, carb on dioxide, oxyge n, n itroge n andgases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和 其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层5.It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原来想的很不一样。6.This made it possible for us to learn English better.这使得我们有可能
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