高手讲堂英语宾语从句 精讲高攀峰.docx

1、高手讲堂英语宾语从句 精讲高攀峰 高手讲堂英语宾语从句主讲人：高攀峰宾语从句的连接词：结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 【注意：1引导词.that 2语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether引导宾语从句 3时态：A.主句-现在时 从句-任一时态】、从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what， how， where， when .)。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。 He told me (that ）he would go to college the n

2、ext year.他告诉我他明年上大学。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.1没有人知道他是否会通过考试。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。（二）关联代词连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever

3、等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。Do you know who has won Battlefield3 game？你知道是谁赢得了战地3的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEO should know.这本书会告诉你最好的首席执行官该了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Apple or Nokia call phone？你决定好是买苹果还是诺基亚的电话了吗？（三）关联副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whe

4、never,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new computer?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的电脑吗？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of th

5、eir team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出

6、这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take p

7、lenty of drinks every day .我认为我们每天多喝饮料是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）这类动词主要

8、有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the en

9、gine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告诉我这里有商店吗？介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句：We

10、 are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州20号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to

11、 work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；1. I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am s

12、orry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.if与whether if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether

13、.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）一般“no matter”后表“是否”用whether而不用if不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的

14、定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时否定转移宾语从句的反意疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont

15、 come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I on

16、ly knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已

17、经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,wh

18、y等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.无论任何时候都为陈述语序.学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。1.引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等

19、疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他。从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。2. 判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态。 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。3关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which:1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round.was B. is C. were D. are2 I

20、 believe that our team_ the basketball match.win B. wonC. will winD. wins3 I dont know_ to visit the old man.whether B. if C. that D. who4The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple()the villagers used as a school.which;where B.what;whichC.where;which D.what;where答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，whe

21、re不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as“把用作”。宾语从句用作宾语。如：Do you know where he lives定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for.

22、Do you know the girl who is in red?3. 宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could fin

23、ish it in such a short timeWhether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：whether从句中有or notwhether从句做介词宾语Everything depends on whether you agree with us3许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。False: He is wondering wh

24、en can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether

25、we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why h

26、e is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.宾语从句，在复合就叫，位于及物动词后。egTell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？注：主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需；eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.They know (

27、that) he is working hard.具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；egHe told me that he was born in 1980.Father told me that practice makes perfect .（2）完成反意问句在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）eg I dont think you are right,are youI dont belie

28、ve they have finished their work yet,have they（3）运用虚拟语气在表示：建议 suggest 、advise、propose;要求demand 、desire、request；决定 decide;命令 order、command、require;坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气）eg I suggested that you（should）study hardHe ordered that we should go out at once（4）宾语从句后置如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语

29、从句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）that不可省略宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get betterB当it作形式宾语时egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC当宾语从句前置时egThat our team will wi

30、n，I believe一、定义和例句分析宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。A 作动词的宾语：I heard the news.主语谓语动词名词作宾语Iheard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语-宾语从句B 作介词的宾语：Hesaidnothing about the plan.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词名词作介词的宾语Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二、复合句的构成带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把

31、一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.宾语2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.间接宾语直接宾语3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.间接宾语直接宾语4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.who hadnt passed