八下英语下册单元各单元知识点总结.docx

1、八下英语下册单元各单元知识点总结Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【分析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不可以加the【用法】用于咨询某人有什么病或某人碰到什么麻烦、问题此后跟咨询对象时， 与介词with连

2、用。即： Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发热 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ach

3、e（痛苦）组成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太. ，too much+名词，意为 好多，大批 。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie谎话，过去式lied7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe

4、 you are right.may be，是神态动词+be的构造，意为“可能，或许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，仿佛”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语往常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully durin

5、g class. need doing sth.主语往常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 赞成，赞成； agree with sth. 赞成某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 赞成某人的建议 如：I agree to LiLei.12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble碰到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =ha

6、ve difficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。14. advice 不行数名词劝说，建议，向征采建议， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不行数名词 即不加s16. hurt 及物动词，使痛苦，受伤，He hur

7、t his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】 洁净的 ，cleaner意为 洁净工 。18. hit （用手或用具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。 be used

8、to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，重申状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，渐渐适应”重申过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】free 形容词安闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由

9、的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，获取自由：He could not free his arm.run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 tak

10、e a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的decision 【名词】决定；决断； make a decision 做决定 ;make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of

11、 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control没法控制，没法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】mind意为 介怀 ，mind doing sth. 介怀做某事 , Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never giv

12、e up easily.二、要点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She

13、isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来增强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语中间。look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得快乐，过得快乐 help oneself to sth 请自用（随意吃/喝些）. hurt onese

14、lf摔伤自己 say to oneself喃喃自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人独自留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己【提示】1. 反身代词不可以独自做主语，但能够做主语的同位语，起重申作用。 如：我自己能达成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不可以表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己

15、的（东西）”时，须要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔划画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks1. sick 患病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【差别ill】ill与sick同义；可是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.

16、2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得快乐；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out发散；发散，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为 把某物发散给某人 。4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自发做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自发做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-

17、school study program.5. used to do sth.过去/以前(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并重申此刻已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我对于这里过去的故事。 6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感觉

18、）孤单孤独的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照顾 care 【名词】当心，关怀take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关怀，在乎某人/事 【形容词】careful 认真的 / careless 马虎的 【副词】carefully 认真地 8. such “这样的，这类，这样”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match

19、 多么 出色的比赛 such+形容词+复数名词/不行数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食品 假如名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只好用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行

20、，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 12.【复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 全力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担忧某人、某事 14. rais

21、e money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱 raise【动词】举起；提升；召募15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保存（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken损坏的，出缺点的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）

22、做某事成为； think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前能够用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty【可数/不行数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不行数；表示详细的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in)

23、doing sth. 做某事有困难 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth. 对某事感觉喜悦 ，Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】excited意为 喜悦的，修饰人；exciting意为 令人喜悦/激动的，修饰物。22. order【名词】命令，指示；次序，序次【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change h

24、is life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱 change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.repair 【动词】维修，维修； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up维修=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？ 用于提出恳求，希望获

25、取对方的必定回答，说话的语气比较客气委宛。Could 不是can的过去式，是委宛、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】必定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否认回答： Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 漫步 take away 拿走，取走 take ba

26、ck 回收 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 腾飞3. Can you do the dishes.？那你能够洗盘子吗？ do the dishes 洗碗 【构造1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 【构造2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生 【构造3】do ones + 名词 do ones housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业 【构造4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物Could I at least

27、 finish watching this show? 起码让我看完这个节目能够吗？1】Could I do a sth? 我能够做.吗？用于表达恳求，语气比较委宛。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 起码，多指数目或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 起码，不超出Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.3】finish v 结束；达成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _read

28、ing_ these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can.5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我感觉你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、胸怀等词语作主语时，往常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time.作形容词足够的，充足的（在句中作定语或表语）【分析2】enough I dont have enough money with me.作 副词 足

29、够；充足（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others.【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词以后。 6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？【分析】take out 取出；取出take 的用法：拿；取 Please take som

30、e books to the classroom. 吃；喝；服用 Take this medicine three times a day.乘（车；船等）take They usually take the bus to work.花销（时间；金钱） It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.【拓展】take 组成的短语：take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 歇息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；腾飞 take up 占有 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来 t

31、ake ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前方，我妈妈就过来了。【分析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there.【分析2】 in front ofin front of 指在物体外面的前方 There is a bike in front of the classroom.in the front of 【辨析】 指在物体内部的前方 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【记】 The driver sat _in the front of_ the car. The polic