1、作文主谓一致被动语态讲与练主谓一致、被动语态讲与练主谓一致,顾名思义,指的是主语与谓语的一致。那么,哪些方面主语和谓语应保持一致呢?归纳起来,有三种情况,即语法形式上、语词意义上和就近关系上。主语和谓语在语法形式上一致这种情况下,句中作主语的词若是单数形式,谓语动词则用单数形式;若主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。主语用单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式。例:The results of the exam show that you have all made good progress. 考试的结果表明,你们都进步很大。The content of his book is very good
2、. 他那本书的内容很好。We all like football. 我们都喜欢足球。主语中有and 连接词时,谓语动词多用复数。但如果主语表示抽象整体概念或表示一个单一的概念时,谓语动词则要用单数。例如:The singer and the dancer have xxe to the meeting. 那个歌手和那舞蹈演员已经到了会场。The singer and dancer has xxe to the meeting. 既是歌手又是舞蹈演员的那个人已经到了会场。When and where to build a new school is not decided. 什么时候在什么地方建
3、一所新学校还未定下来。若主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, including, like, but, except 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:An expert together with two assistants was sent to the factory. 派了一个专家和两个助手去那个厂。Mary, like Lily, was late. 玛丽像莉莉一样也迟到了。主语是动名词、不定式或从句时作单数看待,谓语动词用单数。例如:Smoking is harmful to your heal
4、th. 吸烟有害健康。To grow vegetables needs constant watering. 种菜需要常浇水。What he said sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。主语是each, neither, either, 或由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词时看作单数,谓语动词用单数例如: Each of us has a new bike. 我们每个人都有新单车。Is everybody here 大家都到齐了吗?Nobody knows who he is. 没人知道他是谁。主语和谓语在语词意义上一致此时的主谓一致指的是,谓语
5、动词用单数还是用复数不是由主语的形式决定,而是由主语表达的意义决定。 any,all,most,more,none,what,who,which等代词作主语时,可以表示单数,也可以表示复数,主要由意思确定:Which is your book哪本是你的书?Which are your books 哪几本是你们的书?Here is some more.这里还有一点。Here are somemore. 这里还有一些。None of the books are easy enough for me. 这些书全都太难,不适合我的水平。None of us has got a car. 我们中间没有一
6、个人有汽车。主语是people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽)等集体名词时,其形式是单数,但意义上表示复数,谓语动词应用复数。例如:The police are looking for him. 警察正在找他。Cattle feed on grass. 牛以草为食。有些集体名词,如:public, family, audience, class, population, xxpany, group, government等词,作主语时既可表示单数意,又可表复数意。若其强调一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调整体中的个体,则谓语动词用复数。例如:My family is
7、a large one. 我家是个大家庭。My family are all music lovers. 我们家个个喜欢音乐。主语是单复数同形的名词时,如works, sheep, means, deer 等,谓语动词用单数还是复数要根据意思决定。但news只作单数用。例如:Each possible means has been tried. 每一种可能的方法都试过。All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过。Good news goes on crutches, bad news files apace.好事不出门,坏事传千里。表示数量、重
8、量、度量、时间、距离、价格的复数名词作主语时,一般作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Two weeks is allowed for you to prepare. 给你两周的时间作准备。Ten kilometers is not a long distance. 十公里不是很长的路程。有些形容词与the连用表复数意义,谓语动词用复数,例如:The Chinese are brave and diligent. 中国人勤劳勇敢。The rich always look down upon the poor. 富人通常看不起穷人。有些国名、人名、书刊名、学科名、组织名称等专有名词虽然是复数形
9、式,但其做主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如:The United Nations was found in 1945. 联合国于1945年成立。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。不可数名词做主语时,如果前面有表示数量的可数名词,谓语动词用复数。例如: Three million tons of coal were exported that year. 那年出口了三百万吨煤。三、谓语和就近的主语一致句子中有两个或两个以上主语时,谓语的单复数形式由与之邻近的主语决定。主语由or, eitheror, not onlybut a
10、lso, 或neither.nor 连接时,谓语动词与其邻近的主语的数保持一致。例如:Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他做这项工作。She or her children are xxing to help you. 她或她的孩子们会来帮你。Neither you nor I am able to persuade her.你和我都没有办法说服她。在由there 或 here 引起的倒装句中,谓语动词通常也和最邻近的主语保持数的一致。例如:Here is a pen, two envelopes and some paper for you.
11、这儿有一支笔,两个信封和一些纸给你。There are four chairs, a table and a bed in the room. 房间里有四把椅子,一张课桌和一张床。注:生活中,这种受邻近词影响的情况越来越常见了。例如:Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away 你离开期间,你爱人和孩子们在哪儿待着呢?Is your sister and her husband xxing to join us 你姐姐和她爱人要来参加我们的活动吗?附:主谓一致练一练选择正确选项:but one _ here just no
12、w.A、are B、was C、were D、isnumber of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A、 were, was B、was, was C、was, were D、were, werethat can be done _.A、has been done B、have been done C、was done D、were donefifths of land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A、ar
13、e B、is C、has D、haveeach _ a new dictionary.A、have B、are C、is D、haswounded _ by the hospital.A、has been taken in B、have taken in C、has taken D、have been taken inKey: 1-6 CCABDD被动语态讲与练被动语态是由be+过去分词构成,它的各种时态变化都是通过be 的变化表现出来的。当描述事物已经受到某种影响或某种处理;或者描述人物已经被动地接受某种行为或某种处理时,我们就使用现在完成时的被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态是由have+be
14、en+过去分词构成的。have 有人称、时态的变化。1.第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数形式做主语时,谓语动作用“have been +过去分词”形式;主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动作用“has been+过去分词”形式。 All the CAAC offices have been joined by the new xxputers .民航局的所有售票处都由新计算机联系起来了。 The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all the years .这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。2.现在完成时被动语态的否定形式为“have/ ha
15、s not been +过去分词”,疑问形式为“Have / has +主语 +been +过去分词+其它?”。 The dirty clothes havent been washed.这些脏衣服没有洗。 How many languages has the book been translated into这本书已被译成多少种语言?3.一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态,因为只有及物动词才可能有动作的承受者。但有许多由不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
16、如: They have put up a notice on the wall. A notice has been put up on the wall. The chair has been looked after in the museum by the assistant.练习I.根据句意,用所给动词的适当形式填空。cant walk, because her leg _(break).s English _(improve).keys _(lose) on the way to the library.watch _(not repair) yet.5. In the past
17、few years many buildings _(build).far eleven units _(learn) in all. .7. The two papers _(not finish) yet.II.从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。_,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A. would punish B. had punished C. was punished D. punished2. If rubber _,it gives off a terrible smell.A. burnt B.
18、will burn C. have been burned D. is burned3. _ the sports meet might be put off.Yes,it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told4. The book _ under the chair for two days.A. has put B. has been lying C. has been put D. have been laid5. Since the first space mission
19、,many xxmunication satellites _ .A. was launched B. are launched C. have been launched D. had been launched6. The bridge which _ last year _ really beautiful.A. was built;looks B. was building;looks C. was built;is looked D. was building;is looked7. Many years ago,Jim _ in Paris with his uncle for a
20、long period of time.A. had been living B. had lived C. lived D. has been living8. By the time you get back,great changes _ in this area.A. will take place B. will be taken place C. are going to take place D. will have taken place9. The price of the tickets is too high,so they _ .A. sell badly B. are
21、 sold bad C. are sold badly D. sell bad10. Did you enjoy last nights concert?Yes,though the last piece _ rather poorly.A. played B. was played C. was playing D. playingKey: I. been broken 2. has been improved 3. have been lost 4. hasnt been repaired 5. have been built 6. have been learned 7. havent been finishedII. 15CDABC 610ACDAB
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