高中英语新课标人教版必修四二单元词汇.docx

1、高中英语新课标人教版必修四二单元词汇1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力典例 1). They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。2). The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。词语归纳struggle for 为而斗争 struggle with / against与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事 straggle to one s feet挣扎着站起来a life-and-de

2、ath struggle生死搏斗练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). They are _ (为而斗争) the position2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese.(介词)3). The fox struggled _ (escape).4). He _ _ _ _ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.Keys: 1). struggling for 2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet2. equip

3、vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.u 装备；设备典例1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。重点用法equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). The soldiers were well _ _ (装

4、备好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (对付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _ (介词) atomic research.4). Our classroom _ _ _ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.Keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对)遗憾；惋惜 n.c,

5、u 遗憾；惋惜典例1). If you go now, you ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。重点用法regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遗憾/后悔练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). I now regret _ (leave) school so young. 2

6、). _ _ _ _(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.3). I regret _ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. Keys: 1). leaving / having done 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret 3). to inform 4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 典例1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 ki

7、los/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。重点用法reduce sth (from.) to. 把某物从减少到 reduce sth. by. 减少多少练习 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。1). We must reduce our expenses _ 300 yuan a month. 2). Their output has been reduced _ 10 percent.3). He reduced his weight

8、 _ 6 kilos.Keys: 1). to 2). by 3). by 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. c,u 焦点；中心点 典例1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。重点用法focus on集中于 focus (one s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). The focus of recent research has been

9、 _ (介词) environmental issues. 2). All eyes _ _ (集中于) her.3). They focused their mind on _ (do) the experiment. Keys: 1). on 2). focussed on 3). doingment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. c, u 评论；议论 典例1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无

10、可奉告。”重点用法comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). Have you any comment(s) _ (make) on the recent developments? 2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _ _ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made. 3). She was asked about th

11、e pay increase but _ _ _ (不进行评论) on it.Keys: 1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) 典例1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。重点用法thank

12、s to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident. 2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. 3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. 4). Thanks to him, I m getting bett

13、er and better . 5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game . 练习 翻译句子。 1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。_ 2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句) _3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。_Keys: 1). Thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life. 2). It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded. 3). I was late thanks to the

14、traffic jam. 2. rid sb./sth. of. 使某人/某物摆脱 典例1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 重点用法 rid 短语：be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务

15、类似用法动词inform/ warn/ cure sb. of 通知/警告/治愈某人练习 翻译填空。1). He struggled to _ _ _ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.2). The proposals are an attempt to _ _ _ (使国家清除) political corruption.3). He was a boring nuisance! I m glad to _ _ _ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.4). I still can t _ _ _ (摆脱) my cold.5). The sales manager asked his men t

16、o _ _ _ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.6). The passengers _ _ _ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing. Keys: 1). rid himself of 2). rid the country of 3). be rid of 4). get rid of 5). inform him of 6). are warned of3. be satisfied with = be content with 对表示满足或满意典例1). I was not satisfied

17、with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。2). Youve done well at school. Im very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。重点用法sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 sb. is satisfied sth. 对表示满足或满意be satisfied to do 对做感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做感到满意a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客feel a sense of satisfaction

18、感到满足感 to sb s / sth s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one s work 从自己的工作中得到满足练习 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。1). I am not _ (satisfy) with your work. You must impro

19、ve it. 2). The result doesn t _ (satisfy) me. 3). What he has done is far from _ (satisfy).4). He hung up the phone, _ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.5). It can be very _ (satisfy) to work in the garden.6). Finance officials expressed _ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.Keys: 1). satisfi

20、ed 2). satisfy 3). satisfactory 4). satisfied 5). satisfying 6). satisfaction4. would rather 宁愿典例1). I d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。”重点用法would rather do A (than do B) = would (pre

21、fer to) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事) would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事练习 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). I would rather you _ (know) now, than afterwards.2). Rather than _ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer _ (walk). 3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。_Keys: 1). knew 2). ride; to walk 3). She d rather die than lose the chil

22、dren. 5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发典例1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。练习 翻译填空。1). Slowly a thick layer of fat _ _ (越聚越多) on the pan s surface.2). Exercise will help _ _ (增强) the muscles. 3). They have finally _

23、 _ (建立) a big company.Keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up 6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往典例 1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。短语归纳 lead短语：lead sb. to 把某人带到 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/

24、带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事练习 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。1). The events _ _ the start of the First World War.2). What led him _ (kill) his wife? 3). He had led everyone _ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.4). Our research led us _ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.5). Too

25、 much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.6). He will lead the party of scientists _ (do) the research. 7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ _ success.8). The driver s carelessness _ _ the serious traffic accident.Keys: 1). led to 2). to kill 3). to believe 4). to 5). leads to

26、 6). in doing 7). leads to 8). led to / resulted in 7. keep.free from/of = protect sb./sth. from. 使免受(影响/伤害)；使不含(有害物) 典例 1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。练习 根据句子意思填空。1). We ve managed to _ the garden _ _weeds this year.2). Relaxation exercises can _ your body _ _ tension.Keys: 1). keep; free of 2). keep; free of