考研英语真题及解析.docx

1、考研英语真题及解析1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)Cheques have 1 replaced money as

2、 a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain 2 when he accepts a cheque and he is quite 3

3、 his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called 4 . An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large 5 of precious stones and ask

4、ed to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques. The assistant said that this was quite 6 but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the managers office.The manager was

5、very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any m

6、oment and he had better stay 7 he wanted to get into serious trouble. 8 , the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the 9 , but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to co

7、py out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note 10 : “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” Fortunately, my friends handwriting was quite unlike the thiefs. He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take th

8、e string of pearls with him. 356 words1. A exactly B really C largely D thoroughly2. A danger B chance C risk D opportunity3. A within B beyond C without D out of4. A in difficulty B in doubt C in earnest D in question5. A amount B stock C number D store6. A in order B in need C in use D in common7.

9、 A whether B if C otherwise D unless8. A Really B Sure enough C Certainly D However9. A treatment B manner C inconvenience D behaviour10.A read B told C wrote D informed一、文章结构分析本文记述了一位老者一次用支票支付的经历。第一段总说，介绍支票的广泛使用及使用中存在的问题：本身并无价值，因此店员有时会拒绝接受支票。第二至三段具体讲述了一次支票支付的经历。第二段介绍人物、事情发生的地点及起因。第三段记叙了事情的发展及结尾。二、试

10、题具体分析1A exactly确切地，精确地 B really事实上；确实，的确C largely在很大程度上，主要地 D thoroughly非常，完全；仔细，缜密本题考核的知识点是：常识+副词辨析。快速解题空格所在的句子是全文首句，基本结构完整，句意清楚。因此，考生关键要判断哪个副词代入文中符合逻辑语义。根据常识，“支票已经确切地、事实上或完全取代了现金”均不符合事实逻辑，只有largely代入文中强调“支票在很大程度上取代现金”符合逻辑，因此C为正确选项。篇章分析第一段介绍故事发生的背景。句是全文引子。句指出支票已成为普及的付款手段的事实，句转折指出支票付款存在的问题及带来的结果：有时店

11、员可能不接受支票付款。空格设置本题考查句中做状语的程度副词largely，例句：He resigned largely because of the stories in the press.他的辞职多半是因为新闻界的一些报道。 干扰项设置其他项都是常用副词，且thoroughly也是程度副词。例句：I know exactly how she felt.我完全清楚她的感受。Tell me what really happened.告诉我究竟发生了什么事。Now I really must go.我确实得走了。Im thoroughly confused.我完全给搞糊涂了。The work h

12、ad not been done very thoroughly.这工作做得不太认真。2. A danger危险，危害 B chance可能性；机会，时机；风险C risk危险，风险 D opportunity时机，机会本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配。快速解题上文说支票并非真正的钱（not real money），本身是没有价值的（valueless）。本句紧接着指出当店员接受支票时，他总是在。根据逻辑，既然支票无价值，那么接受支票付款应当“存在风险性”，上下两句间暗含着因果的逻辑关系。空格处填入的名词做runs的宾语，runs a certain 2 即应表示店员“冒险”的含义。选项中，只有r

13、isk可以与run搭配，run the risk (of doing sth)/run risks表示“冒的危险，冒险（做某事）”，符合文意。其他项或不符合文中搭配，或不符合文意，应排除。篇章分析句是过渡句，由上文泛泛而谈支票支付的问题具体到在商店购物时使用支票的情况，并引出下文两段关于此的一次具体经历的讲述。空格设置本题考查了risk的固定动宾搭配。例句：Investment is all about running risks.投资就是要冒风险。We dont want to run the risk of losing their business.我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。其他包含r

14、isk的表示“冒险”的搭配还有at the risk of doing sth冒着的风险，at risk to sb/sth冒伤及的危险，take a risk/take risks（to do sth）冒险（做某事）。 干扰项设置其他项都是常用名词。其中，danger构成对risk的近义干扰，chance与opportunity近义，构成对risk的反义干扰。danger常做不可数名词，如：in/out of danger处于危险中/脱离危险，当表示“危险，坏事发生的可能性”时可用作可数或不可数，后面必须接of sth或that同位语从句进行修饰，如：There is a danger th

15、at the political disorder of the past will return.昔日的政治动乱现在有可能重演。chance常表示希望发生的事的可能性，如：There is no chance that he will change his mind.他不可能改变主意。它还与opportunity近义，表示“时机”，如：Youll have the chance/opportunity to ask any questions at the end.你们最后将有机会提问任何问题。注意chance也可指“风险，冒险”，常与take搭配，如：When installing ele

16、ctrical equipment dont take any chances. A mistake could kill.安装电器设备时千万不要冒险，弄错了有可能出人命。3. A within在（某段时间、距离、范围或限度）之内B beyond在（或向）较远的一边；晚于；超出，多于，非所能及C without没有，缺乏；不和在一起；不用，不拿，不带；不（做某事）D out of 出来，出去；远离；脱离，除去；从，用制作；没有，缺少；由于本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+介词用法。快速解题句是由and连接的并列句，and表明分句间是承接关系，即分句内容一致：前一分句说明支票支付存在风险，后一分句

17、即应说明拒绝支票的合理性；其次，根据下文内容，珠宝店的店员确实拒绝了主人公的支票并将事情通报经理，可见他的做法也是合理的。因此只有Awithin符合文意，它在文中指“（拒绝支票）在他（店员）的权力范围内”。篇章分析句是由and连接的并列句，本题空格所在的后一分句的主语he即指第一个分句的主语a shop keeper，两个分句中分别含有由when和if引导的状语从句，从句中accepts与refuses反义复现。空格设置本题通过考查介词实则考查了对上下文语义的理解。文中用到within“在范围内”的抽象含义，例句：The question is not within the scope of

18、this talk.那个问题不在本次会谈范围之内。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的介词（词组），其中beyond与out of构成对within的反义干扰，without构成对within的形近干扰。例句：The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。It wont go on beyond midnight.这事不会延续到午夜以后。She got nothing beyond her state pension.除了政府发的养老金外，她什么都没有。The bicycle was beyond re

19、pair.自行车已坏得无法修理。They had gone two days without food.他们已经两天没吃东西了。Dont go without me.别甩下我就走。He left without saying goodbye.他不辞而别。The ship sank ten miles out of Stockholm.那条船沉没在距斯德哥尔摩十英里外海。Try and stay out of trouble.尽量别惹麻烦。He drank his beer out of the bottle.他从瓶口直接喝啤酒。Were out of milk.我们没有牛奶了。I asked

20、out of curiosity.我因为好奇问了问。4. A in difficulty在困难、困境中 B in doubt不肯定，不确定C in earnest严肃地，认真地，郑重其事 D in question有疑问，不确定本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配。快速解题句承接上文，说明人们并不总是知道这一点（店员有权在某些情况下拒收支票）而且如果他们的好信誉他们会感到震惊。我们知道，支票是一种以信誉度为基础的支付手段，因此如果某人的信誉度有问题则他的支票就无法兑现（上文句a certain risk即指着这样的风险），而这样的支票肯定不会被商店接受。空格处填入一个介词短语，is called 4

21、表明的是信誉度有问题（因而支票被拒）的情况。call sth in/into question是固定短语，意为“怀疑，引起怀疑”，它代入文中，指“好信誉受到质疑”，符合文意，因此选D。 篇章分析句是二段首句，承接上文句，一起过渡到下文对一次具体支付经历的讲述。句总起下文有关的讲述。句的谓语部分是由and连接的一个动宾（do not always know this）和一个系表结构（are shocked震惊，惊愕），第一部分谓语中的宾语this指代上文句内容，实现与上文的衔接。if与句中an extremely unpleasant experience呼应，引起下文的描述。 空格设置本题考查

22、了基本动词call的一个习语。例句：His honest has never been called into question.他的诚实从未受到过怀疑。注意in question也是一个固定短语，它可指“讨论或议论中的；有疑问，不确定”，如：On the day in question we were in Beijing.在所说的那一天，我们在北京。The future of public transport is not in question.公共交通的未来发展是不容置疑的。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的介词短语，其中in doubt构成对in question的近义干扰，但它并不与cal

23、l搭配。例句：The bank is in difficulty.这家银行处境困难。The success of the system is not in doubt.这种制度成功确定无疑。The work on the house will begin in earnest on Monday.这栋房子的修建工作将在星期一正式开始。You may laugh but Im in deadly earnest.你可以笑，不过我可是正经八百的。5. A amount金额；数量，数额B stock现货，存货；贮备物，供应物；股本，股份C number数字；数量，数额D store商店；贮存物；(s

24、tores)（某类）商品，物品；仓库 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。快速解题空格所在部分是which引导的定语从句，修饰jewelry shop，说明的是珠宝店的存货。选项中stock可具体表示“（商店的）现货，存货”，而其他三项用于a largeof sth的结构中都指“大量的”，a store of还可指“一商店的”，因此，只有stock准确地表达了文意，为最佳答案。 空格设置本题考查了stock的特殊含义，以及考生根据语境选择最恰当词汇的能力。We dont carry a large stock of pine furniture.松木家具我们备货不多。a countrys housi

25、ng stock一个国家的住房保有量；build up a good stock of teaching materials积累大量教学资料。干扰项设置其他项都可用于文中a of的结构，且能使句意通顺。其中，store又构成对stock的近义干扰，如：her secret store of chocolate她私下存放的巧克力；a vast store of knowledge丰富的知识；medical/military stores医疗用品/军需品。an amount of后常接不可数名词，如：an amount of time/money/information一段时间/一笔钱/一些信息。

26、a number of后接名词复数，如：a number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题。6. A in order妥当，适宜 B in need需要（of）；缺乏C in use使用中的 D in common共有，公用本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+介词短语。快速解题空格所在的部分是that引导的宾语从句，说明的是店员说话的内容。空格处填入的介词短语在宾语从句中做表语，表明：店员表示这样（用支票支付）是。根据上下文意，店员开始时是接受支票支付的，即认为这样做是“妥当的”，只有in order符合文意。其他项代入文中都无法与上下文语义衔接，应排除。空格设置

27、此处考查介词短语in order，一是因为它需要根据上下文语义作出判断，同时它本身含义较多，也是应掌握的知识点。它可意为“有条理”，如：It was time she put her life in order.她到了该好好安排自己生活的时候了。“有秩序，有规矩”，如：to keep the class in order保持课堂秩序；“（正式文件）（依法）有效”，如：Is your work permit in order你的工作许可证有效吗“就绪”，如：Is everything in order, sir一切准备就绪了吗，先生及文中考查的生僻含义“妥当，适宜”，如：I think a dr

28、ink would be in order.我想应该喝杯饮料了吧。干扰项设置其他项都是由“in+名词”构成的介词短语。例句：The house is in need of a thorough clean.这房子需要来个大扫除。to provide assistance to people in need向贫困者提供帮助。The chapel was built in the 12th century and is still in use today.这座小教堂建于12世纪，今天仍在使用。They hold the property as tenants in common.作为共同租赁人，

29、他们共同占有这份房地产。7. A whether是否，表选择 B if如果，表条件；是否，表选择C otherwise否则，不然，表转折 Dunless除非，如果不，表条件本题考核的知识点是：句内逻辑关系。快速解题空格所在句子说明：当我的朋友起身要离开时，经理告诉他说警察就要来了，他最好待在这里。that the police would arrive和(that) he had better stay是told的并列的宾语从句，而空格处填入一个连词，连接的是第二个宾语从句内部的两个分句，即he had better stay和he wanted to get into serious tro

30、uble。根据文意，只有unless代入文中符合逻辑，即“警察就要来了，如果他不想惹大麻烦就最好待在这。”因此选D。空格设置句较长，unless体现的是句子第二层的逻辑关系，需要层层理顺句子结构做出正确判断。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的表示逻辑关系的连词（whether，if）或副词（otherwise）。otherwise例句：We are committed to the project. Otherwise we wouldnt be here.我们是来全心全意投入这项工作的，否则我们就不会到这里来了。8. A Really事实上，真正地；确实，的确，表强调B Sure enough果真，

31、果然C Certainly无疑，确定，肯定D However但是，表转折本题考核的知识点是：句间逻辑关系+副词辨析。快速解题空格在句首，以逗号与句子其他部分隔开，做整个句子的状语。上文说到警察很快就会来，本句则说警察不久就来了，句间是顺承关系，首先排除表示转折的however。其他三项都含有“真的，确定”的含义，但really表示指出事实或强调观点等，且不能修饰整个句子，在含义和语法上都不符合，应排除；certainly可修饰句子，但强调某事确定会发生，而文中“警察到了”是已经发生的事，它代入文中时间上相矛盾，应排除。只有sure enough表示不出所料，“果然”，代入文中文意通畅，即经理说警察很快就来，而“果然警察不久就到了”，因此选B。空格设置此处sure enough表明了句间的逻辑关系，且它本身也不为考生所熟悉，是需要掌握一个难点。例句：I said hed forget, and sure enough he did.我说他会忘记，他果然就忘了。类似的“副词+enough”构成的副词短语还有curiously/od