高一英语必修一知识点重点整理2.docx

1、高一英语必修一知识点重点整理2高一英语必修一知识点重点整理（2）【句型归纳】 1. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. 我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。 这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有： (1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为;主语也 …… ) (2) neithe

2、r / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为;主语也不…… ) (3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为;主语也…… ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况) (4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为;主讲确实如此;)，表示进一步肯定。 (5) 主语 + did + so (意为;主语按照吩咐做了;)。 【考例】 Mar

3、y never does any reading in the evening, _. (2005全国 III) A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn't too D. nor does John 考查目标 nor表示;也不;引导的倒装结构。 答案与解析 D 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为;约翰也没读书;。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句。 2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his fr

4、iends. 查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。 该句中so.that. 和such.that. 都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her. 常见句型： (1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause (2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause (3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + t

5、hat clause (4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause (5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause (6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause (7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause 注意： 当little不表示数量;少;而表示;小;的意思时，仍然 要用such。 当so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首时，主句需要倒装。 【考例】 So difficult _ it to live in an En

6、glish-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 考查目标 so + adj. 位于句首时，主句倒装。 答案与解析 D A、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。 3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飞越太平洋时他的飞机突然坠毁了。 该句中的;whe

7、n;表示;正在这时;，相当于and just或and at that time. 这时不能用while / as 替换。 常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when. (2) be doing sth when. (3) be on the point of doing sth when. 【考例】We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招) A. when B. while C. until D. before 考查目标 "when" 作连词，表示;正在这时

8、;。 答案与解析 A 意为;我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。;只有when才能用于这种句型。 4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不学会收集淡水寻找食物，生火什么的。 该句中的;how I to collect.;为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑问词which, what, how, when, where等与小定式构成不定式短语。 【考例】 I've worked with children before,

9、so I knew what _ in my new job. (NMET 2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 考查目标 what to do sth 不定式短语作宾语。 答案与解析 B 该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为;以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。;C不表示进行，排除C。 5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he

10、called Wilson. 为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友-;排球;建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。 1. 该句中的"in order to"，意思为;为了，以便;，作目的 状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause 注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3) 在in order that / so that 引

11、导的从句中，谓语动词常与can, could, may, might 等情态动词连用。 【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 考查目标 目的状语。 答案与解析D as soon as ;一…就…；as a result;结果是;；in case ;万一;；so that;以便，为的是;。句意：;我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶

12、;。 2. 该句子中 volleyball 是作同位语。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color. 注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。 【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 考查目标 one作同位语，指代a mome

13、nt。 答案与解析 B that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。 6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。 1. 该句中的;while"用作并列连词表示前后对比，意为 ;然而;。;while"充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为;during the

14、time that…；引导让步状语从句，意 为;although…。 2. 该句中的 "stay" 为系动词。后接表语 (the same)。 除了stay外，常见的系动词还有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。 【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C.

15、be staying D. have stayed 考查目标 系动词的用法。 答案与解析 B 系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行 时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。 7. for the first time 第一次 (1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语 They came to Beijing for the first time. (2) the first time 名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：every time; next time; the la

16、st time They liked Beijing the first time they went there. (3) It's / This is the first time that + 从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all. 8. What is it that.? 是什么……? 强调句的用法： (1) 结构：It is / It was (过去时间) + 被强调部分 + that / who (专

17、指人) + 其他部分 (2) 用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。 Jim met the student in the street last week. 主语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 强调主语：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week. 强调宾语：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week. 强调地点状语：It was in the street that Jim met the student last wee

18、k. 强调时间状语：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street. (3) 注意点： 一般疑问句的强调句： Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? 特殊疑问句的强凋句： Who is it that will visit our class? Where is it that he has gone? When was it that she went? not … until … 用于强调句： It was not until then that I re

19、alized I was wrong. 牛刀小试3 1. - I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! - _. (2004广西) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 2. We can't imagine _ little mice can eat up _ many crops every year. A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; so 3. Ja

20、smine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. A. when B. while C. since D. once 4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows _. (NMET 2002) A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what wi

21、th it 5. Roses need special care _they can live through winter. (2004 天津) A. because B. so that C. even if D. as (BBACB) 【交际速成】 1. Talking about likes and dislikes. 谈论喜欢和不喜欢 - I enjoy Chinese food very much. - _. (03东北三校) A. Please taste quickly B. Have more, please C. Help yourself D. Eat slowly wh

22、ile it is hot 答案与解析C本题主要考查具体语境下;对事物喜好;的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。 【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有： (1) This book is very interesting. (2) I like / love the movie (very much). (3)I like / love to play computer games. (4) I like taking photos. (5) I enjoy listening to music. (6) I'm interested in

23、science. My hobbies / interests are. (7) He is fond of music. (8) This song is bad / awful. (9) I don't like the movie very much / at all. (10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps. (11)I hate to do homework. I hate dancing, (12)I'm not into classic music. (13)I think that classic music is ter

24、rible / boring. 2. Making apologies 道歉 - I'm sorry I'm calling you so late. - _ Okay. (2003北京春招) A. This is B. You're C. That's D. I'm 答案与解析 C 本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。 【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有： (1) I'm very sorry. I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings). (2) I'm

25、terribly sorry about that. (3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble. (4) Please excuse me coming late. (5) Please forgive me. (6) Excuse me, please. (7) I beg your pardon. 应答表达有： (1) That's / It's all right. (2) That's / It's OK. (3) Never mind. (4) It doesn't mat

26、ter. (5) It's nothing. (6) Forget it. (7) Don't worry about that. (8) Don't mention it. 3. Talking about language difficulties in communication 谈论语言交际困难 - I'm sorry. I can't catch you. _ - OK, it's B—L—A—C—K. A. Would you please walk slowly? B. I don&#

27、39;t understand you C. What's the meaning of this word? D. Would you please repeat it more slowly? 答案与解析 D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch 在整个语境中是;听见，听清;的意思，A项错误理解了catch 在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯， 故正确答案是D。 【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有： (1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon. (2) Sorry, I can't follow you. (3) Can you spe

28、ak more slowly, please? (4 )How do you say.in English.'? (5) I don't know how to say that in English. (6) I don't know the word in English. (7) How do you spell it, please? (8) I'm sorry I only know a little English. (9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that again, please

29、? (10) What do you mean by killing time? 牛刀小试4 1. - _ I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here. - I was saying that the party was great. A. Repeat. B. Once again. C. Sorry? D. So what? 2. - Do you like a house with no garden? - _. But anyhow, it's better to have one than none. A. N

30、ot a bit B. Not a little C. Not really D. Not specially 3. - I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? - _. A. It's OK B. You are welcome C. It's your fault D. Never you mind 4. - What you said at the meeting hurt me badly! - Sorry. But _. A. I didn't mean it B. I didn't mean to C. I

31、don't mean it D. I don't mean to 5. - You seem to show interest in cooking. - _? On the contrary, I'm tired of it. A. Really B. Pardon C. OK D. What (CCABD) 【精典题例】 1. - David has made great progress recently. - _, and _. A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have 【解析】选A 答句中的he指David，不倒装。;So have you; 意为;你也一样(取得了进步);。 2. Little _ what others think. A. does he care about B. ca