同步译林英语选修十一新突破讲义Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Word powerGrammar and usage.docx

1、同步译林英语选修十一新突破讲义Unit 2 Section Word power Grammar and usageSection Word power & Grammar and usage (教材P22)I had to report to the Human Resources Department first thing in the morning so that they could introduce me to my colleagues.上午第一件事我必须去人力资源部报道，以便于他们能把我介绍给我的同事们。(1)introduce vt.介绍；引进；采用；提出(议案、话题等)

2、They shook hands all around and introduced one another.他们一一握手，互相介绍。Production is going up because we have introduced new techniques.产量提高了，因为我们采用了新技术。introduce sb.as介绍某人是introduce sb.to 向介绍某人introduce sth.into 把某物引进introduce a question for debate 提出一个问题供讨论She introduced me to her neighbours.她把我介绍给她的邻

3、居认识。New technology is rapidly being introduced into factories.新技术迅速在工厂中推行。完成句子很多欧洲植物被引进到了北美。Many European plants North America.她提出了委员会每周碰头的建议。She that the committee should meet every week.他介绍说玛丽是他女儿。He introduced Mary 【答案】were introduced intointroduced a suggestionas his daughter(2)【要点提炼】so that在句中引

4、导的是目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”，类似于in order that。I set out early so that I could get there on time.我出发很早以便能够准时赶到那里。He worked hard so that he would be admitted into a key university.他努力学习以便考上一所重点大学。【提示】so that等同于in order that，引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一

5、般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。完成句子我会向你提供所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。I will give you all the facts judge for yourself.每个人都帮了忙，所以工作提前完成了。Everyone lent a hand， ahead of schedule.【答案】so that you canso that the work was finished take care of 照顾，照料，爱护；负责，处理(教材P22)For example，I spent one day in the Finance Dep

6、artment，where the accountants take care of the companys money.例如，我在财务部待了一天，那是会计管理公司钱的地方。Who is taking care of the children while youre away?你外出时谁来照顾这些孩子？She takes good care of her clothes.她非常爱惜她的衣服。take care 当心；小心take good care of 照顾好；好好照看leave.to the care of sb. 把交托某人照料或保护with care 小心；慎重He took car

7、e never to offend his visitors.他小心谨慎，绝不得罪他的访客。Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.爱惜你的键盘，这样就可以使用很多年。完成句子他们委派她好好照顾那位老人。They appointed her to that old man.我们得谨慎，免得让人听见。We must to let nobody hear about this.这个玻璃杯要小心使用。The glass must be treated 【答案】take good care oftake carewith c

8、are responsible adj.负有责任的；尽责的；可靠的；责任重大的(教材P22)Then I spent another day in the Sales and Marketing Department，which is responsible for making sure people know about the companys products.然后我在市场营销部过了一天，它是负责使人们了解公司产品的部门。He must be responsible to me for this matter.这件事他必须对我负责。She is a responsible secret

9、ary.她是一个尽职尽责的秘书。be responsible for 为负责；是造成的原因hold sb.responsible for 使某人负的责任make oneself responsible for 负起的责任hold a responsible position 担任一个重要的职务Who was responsible for the mistake? 谁应对这一错误负责？They held him responsible for the failure of the policy.他们把政策的失败归咎于他。完成句子他们负责清洗发动机。Theyre the engine.他在公司里

10、担任一个非常重要的职务。He in the firm.【答案】responsible for cleaningholds a very responsible position look forward to盼望，期待 (通常以愉快的心情，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)(教材P22)I no longer call myself a graduate but a company employee，and I am looking forward to doing well!我不再自称为一名毕业生，我现在是一名公司雇员，我期盼做出一番事业！Im looking forward to see

11、ing you again.我盼望再次见到你。The day we looked forward to came at last.我们期待的日子终于来了。带有介词to的动词短语：pay attention to注意，重视devote oneself to/be devoted to 投身于，致力于get down to 着手，开始be used/accustomed to 习惯于stick to 坚持lead to 通向，导致His whole life is devoted to learning.他一生致力于做学问。Unlike you，I am not accustomed to lyi

12、ng.我和你不一样，我不习惯说谎。完成句子我们期待着与你再次相见。We are you again.他们让我们注意重要的事情。They make us whats important.这学期我要认真学英语了。Im going to English this term.【答案】looking forward to seeingpay attention toget down to studying accurate adj.(信息、报道、描述等)准确的；(测量、计算、记录等)精确的；(机器)精密的(教材P23)Make sure your CV is accurate.确保你的简历准确无误。He

13、 has made an accurate measurement of my garden.他准确地丈量了我的花园。He is always accurate in what he says and does.他说的和做的总是正确无误。accurate/exact/correctaccurate表示“准确的，精确的”，指“通过努力使事情达到正确”，侧重不同程度的准确性，与事实无出入。exact表示“确切的”，“精确无误的”，指“与事实完全相符”，语气比accurate强。correct主要指按一定标准或规则来衡量，没有谬误和差错或无缺点、错误。Many people complain abo

14、ut not gathering accurate information.许多人抱怨搜集不到准确的消息。His memory is very exact；he never makes mistakes.他的记忆非常准确，从不出错。It is correct for you to keep it secret.你不把事情说出来是对的。用accurate，exact，correct填空He gave answers to the questions.An replica，two feet tall，was made.She gave an account of the accident.【答案】

15、correctexactaccurate (教材P25)Would it be possible to share your taxi? 可以与你共乘一辆出租车吗？(1)【要点提炼】it is possible (for sb.) to do.(某人)做某事是可能的，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式结构。Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her?我可以给她留个话儿吗？It is possible to get there by bus.可以乘公共汽车去那里。it is possible that.可能有if possi

16、ble 可能的话as.as possible 尽可能possibly adv. 可能，或许He thought it was possible that she would come back that day.他认为她那天有可能回来。Please come as soon as possible.请尽快来。完成句子她尽可能帮助他。She did possible to help him.如果可能的话，请在下周之前还钱。Id like the money back by next week .今晚他可能回来。Its possible tonight.Its possible that toni

17、ght.【答案】as much asif possiblefor him to return；he will return(2)share v共用；分享；分配Will you share my umbrella?你愿意和我共用这把伞吗？They shared the cake between them.他们分吃了那块蛋糕。share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物share sth. between/among sb. 由某人分享某物share out 分摊；分配给share in 分享；分担(后跟抽象名词)share n. (分享到的或贡献出的)一份；股份；股票The woman c

18、ut up the watermelon and shared it out among the four children.那妇人把西瓜切开，分给四个小孩。Two families share in the use of the kitchen.两户人家合用这间厨房。用适当的介词填空After his death his property was shared his two children.She had to share a bedroom her sister.I will share the cost with you.【答案】betweenwithin (教材P25)When I

19、 walked into the interview room，the interviewer looked at me in surprise，and we both started to laugh it was the man who had shared my taxi! 当我步入面试房间时，面试官惊讶地看着我，我们都开始笑了他正是和我同乘一辆出租车的人！(1)in surprise吃惊地Everyone looked at him in surprise.每个人都惊讶地看着他。surprise vt.使惊奇；使诧异n. 惊奇，诧异；使人吃惊的事surprising adj. 令人吃惊

20、的，说明事物的表面特征surprised adj. 吃惊的，说明人的心理状态to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是take.by surprise 突袭；使大吃一惊She looked surprised when I told her.我告诉她时，她显得很惊讶。To our surprise，she doesnt even know where the difference between the two opinions lies.让我们惊讶的是，她甚至不知道这两种意见的区别所在。用surprise的适当形式填空She looked up in when I shouted.He

21、 was to hear the result.It me a lot to see so many people there.【答案】surprisesurprised；surprisingsurprised(2)【句式分析】it was the man who had shared my taxi是强调句型，强调主语the man。强调句型由“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他”构成。强调人时可用that/who，强调其他任何部分时只能用that。被强调的部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。It is I

22、 who am right.正确的是我。(主语)It was him that we met at the school gate.我们在校门口遇见的是他。(宾语)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.正是在公园里汤姆把他的手表弄丢了。(状语)在使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用It is 被强调的部分 that (who).；若原句子是过去时，强调句用：It was 被强调的部分 that (who).在强调not.until结构中的时间状语时，应将not until与时间状语都移到被强调的位置。强调主语时，who

23、 或that后面的谓语形式须与被强调的主语保持一致。I didnt go to bed until twelve oclock last night.It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed.昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。对画线部分进行强调I studied at this school a few years ago 【答案】It was I that/who studied at this school a few years ago.It was at this school that I studied a

24、few years ago.It was a few years ago that I studied at this school.习语英语习语是英语中使用最普遍、表达力最强、文化内涵最丰富的一部分，它是人们从口头和著作中提炼出来的，是英语语言的精粹。英语习语指英语中长期习用的、表达完整意义的、结构定型的固定表达。一、英语习语的来源1源于历史故事或历史事件。如：burn ones boats，相传古罗马恺撒等名将出征时，常烧毁船只，士兵们后退无路，只有勇往直前，战胜敌人。与汉语中的破釜沉舟意义很相近。2源于圣经、传说或神话故事。圣经中有很多关于耶稣、撒旦等发人深省的故事，因受到英美国家人民的

25、喜爱而广为流传，成为大量英语习语的来源。如：as wise as Solomon (像所罗门一样聪明)，源自圣经中以智慧著称的以色列王所罗门。又如：to act the part of a Trojan Horse这句习语的Trojan Horse即出自于传说，古希腊人攻打特洛伊城，久攻不下，于是留下一个内藏有士兵的木马，木马被特洛伊人当作战利品拉入城内，深夜希腊人与木马内士兵里应外合，打下了特洛伊城。现在Trojan Horse被作为用意是对手上当，误以为于己有益的破坏的人或事。以下习语均源自希腊神话：Achilles heel (唯一致命的弱点)，a Pandoras box (潘多拉之盒

26、，即灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源)，Sphinxs riddle(斯芬克司之谜，比喻难解之谜)。3源于风土人情，日常生活。海在英国文化背景中扮演着重要的角色，因此很多英语习语都跟海有关系。如：at the sea(茫然，困惑)。同时，人们日常生活中存在着大量日积月累的宝贵的文化资源，英语习语作为一种独特的语言形式，形象地反映出人们平时衣食住行的风土人情，如：He was a drug addict and went to pot at last.(他吸毒成瘾最后走上了毁灭之路。)其中习语go to pot 表示“变坏，毁灭”。二、英语习语的分类英语习语按词性分可分为动词性习语、名词性习语、形容词性习

27、语以及副词性习语。1动词性习语fall by the wayside半途而废go easy on/with sth.省着点；别浪费laugh ones head off大笑hang by a hair千钧一发grasp at straws抓住救命稻草hang in the balance(前景)不明朗2名词性习语flesh and blood 血肉之躯a drop in the ocean沧海一粟a fish out of water在陌生环境下不得其所的人a stones throw很近的距离3形容词性习语high and mighty 趾高气扬as poor as a church mou

28、se家贫如洗as easy as falling off a log极其容易(as)plain as day显而易见4副词性习语all at sea不知所措hard on sth.紧接着close at hand在附近三、英汉习语中所反映的文化差异1生存环境的差异习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。英国是一个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界；而中华民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是“挥金如土”。英语中有许多关于船和水的习语，在汉语中没有完全相同的对应习语，如put/stick ones oar i

29、n(多管闲事/横插一杠子)，to keep ones head above water(设法不举债)等等。在汉语的文化氛围中，“东风”即是“春天的风”，夏天常与酷暑炎热联系在一起，“赤日炎炎似火烧”、“骄阳似火”是常被用来描述夏天的词语。而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的西风颂正是对春的讴歌。英国的夏季正是温馨宜人的季节，常与“可爱”、“温和”、“美好”相连。2习俗差异英汉习俗差异是多方面的，最典型的莫过于在对狗这种动物的态度上。狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物。汉语中与狗有关的习语大都含有贬义：“狐朋狗友”、“狗急跳墙”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子”等，尽

30、管近些年来养宠物狗的人数大大增加，狗的“地位”似乎有所改变，但狗的贬义形象却深深地留在汉语言文化中。而在西方英语国家，狗被认为是人类最忠诚的朋友。英语中有关狗的习语除了一部分因受其他语言的影响而含有贬义外，大部分都没有贬义。在英语习语中，常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为。如You are a lucky dog(你是一个幸运儿)，Every dog has his day(凡人皆有得意日)，Old dog will not learn new tricks(老人学不了新东西)等等。形容人“病得厉害”用sick as a dog，“累极了”是dogtired。与此相反，中国人十分喜爱猫，用“馋猫”比喻人贪嘴，常有亲昵的成分，而在西方文化中，“猫”被用来比喻“狠毒的女人”。3宗教信仰方面与宗教信仰有关的习语也大量地出现在英汉语言中。佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史，人们相信有“佛主”在左右着人世间的一切，与此有关的习语很多，如“借花献佛”、“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”等。在西方许多国家，特别是在英美，人们信奉基督教，相关的习语如God helps those who help themselves(