基础英语第三单元答案.docx

1、基础英语第三单元答案基础英语第三单元课后习题答案Text comprehensionI. AII. 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F.III. 1. See Paragraph 1. people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please” when they want a coworker to hand t

2、hem something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.2. See paragraph 4, example and panache. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.3. See para.5,

3、 a recipe. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish Id complimented her on at an earlier gathering.4. See para.7, “Excuse me”. Just as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase “Excuse me.”5. See para.9, we love the most.

4、 Thats where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most.6. See para. 11. She wishes that everyone would catch them.IV. 1. A gracious manner makes you look much more stylish, charming and admirable, contributing invaluably to your image.2. I am sure that to finish writing a than

5、k-you note will not take my guest too much time.3. It made most of your irritation disappear.4. Being punctual has always been considered a virtue, both in the past and at present; it has not become outdated.5. You shouldnt accept the other persons presence without thinking of how much it means to y

6、ou.6. Good manners are easy to catch.Structural analysis of the textI. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase practice1. get away from sth. = become different from what it should be like 偏离了以往的规范2. giving a wave or nod of appreciation = displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head 招手或点头以表示感谢pull

7、out into traffic =move out onto the main road 从路侧驶入车流3. matter very much = be of great significance4on the receiving end =who receives the thank-you remark 接收方；5. go a long way = produce a far-reaching effect 有长远的影响II.1. punctuality; 2. routine; 3. infectious; 4. bet; 5. terrific; 6. board; 7. value

8、d; 8. count; 9. cherishes; 10. irritations.III.1.matter: to be important, or to affect what happenshappen: when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not plannedcare: if you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about itmind: to take care of som

9、eone or something2. hurry: to do something or go somewhere more quickly than usual, especially because there is not much timerush: if you rush somewhere, you go there quicklyhasten: you hasten something by acting in order to make it happen soonerquicken: to become quicker or make something quicker3.

10、 copartner: a joint partner (as in a business enterprise)coworker: your coworker is someone you work with, especially people on the same job or project as youcolleague: your colleagues are the people you work with, especially in a professional jobcooperative: a business or organization owned equally

11、 by all the people working there4. pull up: the driver stops the car, often for a short timepull out: a vehicle starts moving onto a road or onto a different part of the roadpull off: to drive a car off a road in order to stop, or to turn into a smaller roadpull down: to earn a particular amount of

12、moneye.g. He is pulling down $5,000 a year.5. manner: the way in which people behave and talk when they are with other people, for example whether they are polite, confident or bad-temperedbehaviour: the thing that a person or animal doesact: something that you doway: the ways of a particular person

13、 or group of people are their customs or their usual behavior6.graceful: behave in a pleasant waygracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rankgrateful: wish to thankgrand: splendid in style and appearance; attracting admiration and attention7. menu: a l

14、ist of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurantcookbook: a book that contains recipes for preparing foodrecipe: a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of foodingredient: a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish8.

15、 huge: extremely large in size, amount, or degree enormous: emphasizing the great degree or extent of somethingvast: extremely bigcolossal: used to emphasize that something is extremely largeIV.1. compliment: praise insincerely as an empty formality or self-interested gesture.a. praised; b. complime

16、nt; c. praise; d. complimented.2. appreciate: be thankful or grateful; like or value something.a. appreciated; b. enjoyed; c. enjoying; d. appreciated.3. precious: valuable, rare, important. Priceless: worth a lot of money.a. priceless; b. priceless; c. precious; d. precious.4. notice: take in a sma

17、ll detail.a. see; b. notice; c. see; d. noticdV. Synonym / AntonymGive synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.Synonyms: thanks, recognition2. In our lazin

18、ess we think that something like a simple “Thank you” doesnt really matter.Antonyms: activeness, liveliness, briskness, eagerness3. We cant be truly stylish without good manners.Synonyms: fashionable, graceful, elegant4. Havent you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting

19、prettier?Antonyms: selfish, mean, ungenerous5. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds panache to your image.Synonyms: nice, courteous, polite, friendly6. I know we all have busy lives.Antonyms: leisurely, relaxed, idle, unoccupied, lazy7.

20、 But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesnt it melt awaymost if not all of the irritation you felt?Synonyms: annoyance, vexation, displeasure, dissatisfaction8. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either.Antonyms: promptness, timekeeping, reliability4. Word d

21、erivation Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the brackets.1.The next-door neighbours are so unfriendly that we have stopped trying to talk to them. (friend)2.Yes, I can speak a little Spanish because I spent some of my boyhood in Spain. (boy)

22、3.The doctor dealt with the hysterical patient with understanding. (understand)4.Theres a reception at the British Embassy tonight. (receive)5.The disappearance of the money from the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief. (appear)6.You must accept the decision of the committee. (dec

23、ide)7.Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactly alike, （动名词短语独立结构）differing only in height. (difference)8.To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevated roads in the city. (elevator).1. friend (n.) 朋友，友人，支持者friendly (adj.&adv.) 友好的，友善的friendship (n.) 友谊，友好friendl

24、iness (n.) 友好，亲切friendless (adj.) 没有朋友的，无依无靠的unfriendly (adj.) 不友好的，有敌意的2. boy (n.) 男孩， 儿子，男服务员boyish (adj.) 像男孩子的boyhood (n.) 少年时代boylish (adj.) 男孩样的，很帅气的boyishness (n.) 少年，幼稚，孩子气3. understand (v.) 理解，懂，听说，获悉understanding (n.) 了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议understandingly (adv.) 谅解地understandable (adj.) 可理解的，能够懂

25、的understandability (n.) 易懂性，可理解性understandableness (n.) 不可理解misunderstand (v.) 误会，误解misunderstanding (n.) 误会，误解4. receive （v.）收到，接到，受到received (adj.) 被一般承认的，公认的receiving (n.) 接收，买卖赃物receiver (n.) 接收器，收款员，接待者，听筒receivable (adj.) 可收到的，应收的receivability (n.) 可以接受，可接纳5. appear （v.）出现，显得，出版，抵达appearance (

26、n.) 外表，外貌出场，露面，出现disappear (v.) 消失，不见disappearance (n.) 消失6. decide （v.）决定，判断decided (adj.) 确定的，坚决的decision (n.) 决定，决策decisiveness (n.) 坚决，果断decisive (adj.) 决定性的7. difference (n.) 差异，分歧，差额，不同different (adj.) 不同的，差异的differ (v.) 不同，相异，有区别differential (adj.) 差别的，特定的，微分的differentiate (v.) 识别，使差异，求导数，区分d

27、ifferentiation (n.) 区别，分化，变异8. elevator (n.) 电梯，飞机升降陀elevate (v.) 举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞elevation (n.) 海拔，提拔，提高elevatory (adj.) 向上举的，升高的II Grammar Exercise1. more than constructionYou can use “a little”, “ a lot”, “a bit”, “a great deal”, “any”, “far”, “ even” “still”, and “much” in front of more than constr

28、uction.2. as ss construction as +adjective / adverb + as. You can use “just”, “almost”, “nearly” , “quite” in front of as as construction,3. the mostthree or more than three people or things are compared.The negative form of the superlative construction is the least.I.II. 1. older than;2. more inter

29、ested;3. as crowded as;4. as pale as;5. more exciting than;6. as complicated as;7. easier than;8. as expensive as;9. more selective;10. nicer;11. as unlucky as;12. more difficult.III.1. stronger;2. more noisy;3. more expensive;4. more difficult;5. happier;6. younger;7. more often;8. further;9. more

30、exciting;10. louder.IV. Use superlatives or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences.1. I prefer this chair to the other one. Its _more_comfortable_ (comfortable).2. Thats _the_funniest_ (funny) joke I have ever heard.3. Now Ive realized that giving up my job is _the_worst_ (bad) mistake I have ever made.4. more serious;5. the most popular;6. quieter;7. the most beautiful;8. healthier;9. the least honorable;10. less challenging, least challenging.V.1. elder: older;2. eldest: oldest;3. older and elder are both right;4. further and fa