1、译林版八年级上册英语知识点归纳牛津英语 8A unit1 单元知识详解Comic strip and welcome to the unit知识详析.积累拓展some 一些;是不定代词,代替可数名词 cakes, some 也可以代替不可数名词。如: Is there any juice in the fridge? I want to drink some.冰箱里有果汁吗?我想喝一些。some more 再来一些。句中的 more 是形容词 many,much 的比较级,其前除了用 some 来修饰之外,还可用 many, any, much,a few 或 what 等,意思是“还 ”“h
2、ave some more food 结构的意思是“再来点吃的,再吃点”。如:Would you like to have some more food?你要再吃点东西吗?(中考典例)- Would you like cake? -Thanks, but Im full.A. another B. other C. the other D.others答案:A 解析本题考查不定代词的用法。因为上句说的是“你还想吃一块蛋糕吗?”指的是“再, 还有”的意思;而 other 的后面一般用复数形式;the other 特指“两块中的另一-块”;所以选 A。nothing 没有、没有东西。句中的 not
3、hing 是不定代词作主语,表示否定,意思是“没有东西:没有事情”,如:Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。中考典例- Smoking brings me a lot of ideas-Stop that! After all,is more important than health.A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything答案:A 解析本题考查不定代词的用法。句意为:停止吸烟!毕竟,没有什么比健康更重要。用不定代词 nothing 来表示。ho
4、nest adj.诚实的,正直的该词开头的辅音字母 h 不发音,修饰单数可数名词时,之前必须用不定冠词 an。如:He is an honest boy.他是个诚实的孩子。(中考典例)Peter returned the wallet to the police. He was honest boy.A. a B. an C. the D. (不填)答案:B 解析考查冠词辨析。句意:“彼得把钱包还给了警察。他是个诚实的男孩。”而 an 用于元音音素前,honest 是元音发音开头,故选 B.secret 秘密,秘诀,用作名词时,在句中可以作主语、宾语和宾语补足语;常与动词 keep 构成固定搭
5、配。如:Whats the secret of his success?他成功的秘诀是什么?secret 用作形容词时,意思是“秘密的”,用作定语修饰名词。如: A secret plan 秘密计划;the secret service 特务机构believe 相信,信任a.句中的 believe 是及物动词,意思是“相信”,动词 believe 之后跟陈述句作宾语时,连词 that可以省略。如:I believe(that) he will tell me the truth.我相信他会告诉我实话。b.动词 believe 之后可以跟名词、代词、词组或短语作宾语;也可以跟形容词或不定式作宾语
6、补足语。如:I dont believe this kind of flower to grow here.我不相信这种花长在这里。难句解读1.Can I have something to drink?请给我点喝吗?(1)句中的情态动词 can 表示请求或征求意见,常用句型结构是“Can i .? 其中的 can 可以用 could 来替换,但 could 语气委婉、客气。其肯定回答要用 Yes, you can./Certainly./Of course/Sure 等形式。但不能用 could 如:-Can I have a look? 我可以看一看吗?-Of course. .当然可以。
7、-Could I use your mobile phone?我可以用一下你的手机吗?-Yes, you can,(2)have something to drink 意为“喝点东西”。其中的 to drink 是不定式作定语修饰 something.修饰不定代词的不定式形容词或介词短语必须后置。在这个结构中不定式之前还可以用形容词来修饰不定代词,如:Would you like to have something to drink?你想喝点东西吗?Theres something wrong with my computer.我的电脑出毛病了。通常在疑问句中用 anything 来表示,但是
8、在 Can i /Would you like.等句型中表示征求意见或希望得到肯定的答复时用 something。如:Do you find anything in her bag?你在她包里发现什么了吗? Would you like something to eat?你想吃点什么吗?Could you give me something interesting to red?你能给我一些有趣的 东西看吗?”中考典例-Is there in todays newspaper? Yes,quite a lot.A. anything interesting B. something inter
9、estingC. interesting anything D. interesting something答案:A 解析修饰不定代词时.形容词应放在不定代词的后面,又因为此句是一般疑问句, 所以答案:A2.What about some milk? 来些牛奶如何?(教材 P6)该句型用来征求对方意见.提建议或询问消息。其结构相当于 How about.介词 about 之后可以跟名词、代词或 v.+ing 形式作宾语。如:What a nice day! What about going out for a picnic?多么好的天气啊!出去野餐怎么样? My brother is fift
10、een years old. What about your brother?我哥哥 15 岁。你哥哥呢?中考典例)How about telling stories to cheer up the sick kids? (改为同义句) tell stories to cheer up the sick kids?答案:Why not/Shall we 解析因为上句表示征求意见,而句中的 tell 是原形所以此处用 why或者 shall we 来表示征求意见。Reading知识详析.积累拓展willing 愿意。句中的 willing 是形容词,意思是“情愿的,乐意的”。be willing
11、 to do sth 乐意做某事,相当于 be ready to do sth。如:Im willing to share with you my joy.我愿意和你一起分享我的快乐。voice 是可数名词,意为“嗓音”。如:Our voices echoed in the empty house.我们的声音在空屋里回荡。辨异voice,noise 与 soundvoice 意思是“嗓音”指人或动物特有的嗓音;noise 指吵闹、喧哗声往往是不和谐的、不悦耳的声音。sound 表示“声音”;指人所能听到的任何声音。almost 作副词,意为“几乎,差不多”。一般置于实义动词之前,系动词、助动词
12、和情态动词之后。如:We were late, and almost missed the train.我们迟到了,差点误了那趟火车。中考典例)- How is Susan?一 Oh,I see her because she lives abroad.A. always B. often C. almost D. hardly答案:D 解析本题考查的是单词辨析。句子的意思是:苏珊怎么样?哦!因为她在国外居住我几乎见不着她。选项的意思: always 一直;often 经常;almost 几乎;hardly 几乎不。根据答语she livesabroad 可知用 hardly。sense 句中
13、的 sense 是名词,意思是“感觉”。如:the sense of sight/ hearing/smell/ taste/ touch 视/听/嗅/味/触觉have a sense of sth 是固定搭配,意思是“对某事有感觉”。既可表达对事物的生理感觉,也可表达对事物的觉察和觉悟。如:The blind girl has a keen sense of hearing.这盲女孩的听觉很灵敏。中考典例)Tom will be able to find the hotel, he has a pretty good of direction.A. idea B. Feeling C. ex
14、perience D. sense答案:D.句子表达的句意是“汤姆能够找到宾馆,他有很好的方向感。”此处的 sense 意为“感觉”,与句意吻合。bored 是形容词,意思是“无聊的”。作动词 feel 的表语。如:如:She felt bored at home herself.她独自在家感到无聊。辨异bored 与 boringbored 是过去分词,作形容词,常跟在连系动词后面作表语。指人所处的状态,意为“感到厌倦”, 修饰人。boring 也是形容词。它常常指事物的性质,意为“令人厌倦的,无聊的”。可直接放在名词前面作定语,也可跟在连系动词后面作表语。如:The lesson was
15、boring, and the students were bored. 这堂课枯燥无味,学生们感到乏味。拓展类似用法的词有很多。如:interesting/ interested; exciting/ excited;surprising/ surprised; amazing/ amazed 等。中考典例The work is ,so I often feel .A. bored, boring B. boring, boring C. boring, bored D. bored, bored答案:C 解析本题考查形客词的用法。前半句指的是这个工作很乏味,所以用 boring。后半句指的
16、是“我”感觉乏味,用 bored 来表来表示。fit 在本句中作动词,意为“可容纳,装进”,还可表示“适合,fit 常与副词 well 搭配。如: My dog is growing up day by day. This place is not fit for it.我的狗一天天地长大。这个地方不适合它了。This pair of shoes doesnt fit me well.这双鞋子我穿不合适。sweet 此处为形容词,意为“可爱的,惹人喜爱的”,在句中可作表语或定语。如: Mary is a sweet girl. 玛丽是一个可爱的女孩。The dish tastes a bit
17、sweet.这菜有点甜味。中考典例)-What do you think of the woman singer?Her voice sounds .I like her songs.A. sweet B.sweetly C. bad D. badly答案:A 解析本题考查形容词用法。因为此处的 sound 是连系动词,在后面用形容词作表语; 又因为下句的句意是“她的声音听起来很甜。我喜欢她的歌。”所以这里选 A。难句解读1.Betty is one of my best friends.贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。教材 P8(1)one of 后可接可数名词复数或代词宾格,意为“其中之一”。on
18、e 是代词,指代同类事物中的一个。例如:You may take any one of these apples.这些苹果你可以随便拿一个。(2)名词被形容词修饰时,跟在 one of 后面的形容词常用最高级形式;构成句型是“one of 十形容词最高级+名词复数/代词复数”,意为“最.的 ”此结构做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:One of the tallest boys is my brother.那些最高的男孩中的一个是我的哥哥。(3)此结构中的最高级前还可以用物主代词或名词所有格来替换 the。例如:This is one of my fathers most useful di
19、ctionaries.这是我父亲最有用的字典中的一-本。中考典例Edison is one of the greatest (发明家) in the world.答案:inventors 解析 one of 后加名词复数。- Do you know that China is one of countries in the world?-Yes,I do. Its much than the US.A. oldest;older B. the oldest; older C. the oldest; elder D. the older;elder答案:B 解析本题考查形容词的用法。第一空:o
20、ne of 后常用形容词的最高级,本处意为“最古老的国家之一”;第二空:much 后应接比较级。故选 B。2. and ready to help people anytime.她在任何时候都愿意帮助别人。教材 P8be ready to do sth(乐意做某事)是固定搭配,相当于 be willing to do sth。 如:Liu Mei is always ready to help me with my lessons.刘梅总是乐意帮助我学功课。(= Liu Mei is always willing to help me with my lessons.)链接 ready 可以作
21、“准备好的,有准备的”讲。常见的短语有:be/get ready to do sth 准备做某事; be/get ready for sth 为某事做准备,( = prepare for sth);get sth ready 准备好某物。如:Everything is ready for the party.晚会已经准备就绪。They are ready to leave 他们准备出发了。We are getting ready for the coming exam.我们正在为这次考试做准备。(中考典例 Why does everyone like that boy?-Because he
22、(总是乐于助人). (ready)答案:is always ready to help others (other people)解析此句用 be ready to do sth 来表示“乐意做某事”的意思。3.She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone inneed.她经常帮助我完成家庭作业,她在公车上也经常让座给有需要的人。教材 P8这个句子是由 and 连接的一个并列句,掌握如下短语:(1)help sb with sth意为“帮助某人做某事”。如:1 often he
23、lp my sister with English. 我经常帮助我妹妹学英语。如果后面跟的是动词,可以说成“help sb (to) dosth,意为“帮助某人做某事”。如:I often help my sister (to) learn English.我经常帮助我妹妹学习英语。(2)“give ones seat to sb意为“让座给某人”。如:He gave his seat to an old man in the reading room today.今天他在阅览室给位老 人让座。seat 构成的相关词组有: take a seat /be seated= sit down 坐下
24、。如:He is seated /takes a seat /sit down between Jack and me.他坐在杰克和我之间。(3)in need 意为“有需求的,处于需求状态的”。如:A friend in need is a friend in deed 患难朋友才是真正的朋友。In need of sh/sb 意为“需要某事或某人”4.She wants 1 he a singer when she grows up.她长大后想做一名歌手。 教材 P8(1)want to do sth 意为“想要做某事”,want 后跟动词时,要用动词的不定式形式。此外,want 还可用作
25、及物动词,后直接跟名词或代词作宾语。如:You dont want to believe everything you hear.你没必要相信所听到的一-切事情。(2)when 引导的时间状语从句句中的 when 作连词。意为“.-的时候”,引导时间状语从句,说明主句谓语动作发生的时间。when 引导的时间状语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。易错警醒 在时间状语从句或条件状语,从句中的动词表示的是将来的动作时,要注意从句 中时态的转移,即用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:Please send an e mail to me after you arrive in the 未 USA.在你
26、到达美国以后给我发个电子邮件。If it rains tomorrow, we wont hold the sports meeting,假如明天下雨,我们就不举行运动会了。中考典例例 1 Tomorrow is Mothers Day. I want a special gift for my mum.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bough答案:B.在 want 的后面跟动词不定式做宾语。5.He wears small round glasses.They make him look smart.,他戴着一副小圆眼镜,这使他看上去很机灵,教材 P8后面一句中
27、的“make him lok smart是复合宾语结构,make 后面的不定式不带“to。链接)后面接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有:let, see, hear , watch,have 等。如: We often see him play football in the playground.我们经常看到他在操场上踢足球。He had me finish the work by myself.他让我独自完成这工作。助记歌诀使役动词和感官动词通常要求用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,help 后面的动词可以加 to 也可以不加 to。记忆方法如下:-一感: feel;二听:
28、 hear, listen to ;三让: make, let,have;四看:see, notice, watch, observe;半帮助:help中考典例We need to make more young people (learn) Shadow Play so that it wont disappear in China.答案:learn 解析根据句子可以看出,此处考查的是make sb do sth的结构,所以应用动词原形。6.Everyone thinks she is pretty.每个人都认为她很漂亮。 教材 P8everyone 做主语时,谓语动词用单数,后面的代词也相
29、应用单数(口语中也用单数形式的代词搭配 everyone)。如:Everyone loves a polite person. 每个人都喜爱有礼貌的人。everyone 做主语时,后面的附加问句主语用 they 比 he 好。如:Everyone likes the child,do they?大家都喜欢这个孩子,是吗?辨异 everyone, every oneeveryone 后面不可以接 of 的短语。而 every one 后面可以接 of 短语。everyone 泛指人,不用来指物。而 every one 既可指人也可指物。如:Every one of these students
30、has passed the examination.这些学生每一个都考试及格了。中考典例)Everyone in our class to take part in the English Speech Contest.A. is encouraged B. encourages C. are encouraging D. are encouraged答案:A 解析因为此处的主语 everyone 指的是每个人,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;句子要表达的句意是“我们班的每个人都被鼓励去参加英语演讲比赛。所以这里用被动语态单数形式;因此选 A。Integrated skills知识详析.积累拓
31、展would like to 表示“想要做”“想做某事”的不同表达方式:a.would like to do sth 语气客气、委婉。相当于 would love to do sth。如:Would you like to go with me?你想和我一-起去吗?一 Yes,Id love to.是的,我想去。b.would love to do sth 语气比 would like to do sth”强。 如:Id love to go shopping, but I cant go. Because I have a lot of homework to do.我很想去购物,但是我不能去。因为我有许多家庭作业要做。C.want to do sth 比前面两种说法语气直率如:I want to have a try again.我想再试一试。d. feel like doing sth 可以与would like to do sth”和“want to dosth”互换使用。如: I feel like playing basketball with y
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