专题14 语法填空新题型指导及训练高考英语三轮复习资料.docx

1、专题14 语法填空新题型指导及训练高考英语三轮复习资料【考纲解读】 20XX年新春伊始，备受关注的英语高考变革终于尘埃落定，新课标卷中的单项选择题正式退出历史舞台，随之而生的是高考新题型语篇型语法填空题。20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲课程标准实验版对英语科中出现的这一新题型，就其设计与形式明确地给出了具体的说明：（语法填空题）共10小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于3个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。本部分所需时间约为30分钟。【命题特点】语法填空题的测试依据是根据德国心

2、理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等而形成的，其考查宗旨在于：考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，与课程标准所提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合。其命题规律主要体现在：1从语法的句子结构与语法形式入手语篇中的句子结构和常见的语法形式是命题者关注的重点，如：（样题）Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 65 (make) them, so

3、he couldnt have done it.中finish doing就是句子结构和语法转换的有效结合。2从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手 每一篇语言材料都会给出适当的提示词，且给出的提示词多是词汇的本义，命题者就是要求考生根据所给词汇的本义，利用适当的语言环境进行词性的转换，前后缀的变化做题。如：（样题）Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).中early的变化形式就是此类试题的命题经典。3从语境语篇的线索以及标志性信息词入手 语篇线索的关键体现即是根据上下文中一些标志性信息词的

4、暗示来进行命题，如：（样题）I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone.中空缺部分的填入要根据上文的关键信息词Ileft them on the tableI went to answer the phone.和文章最后的关键信息词when the phone rang.分析判断。总之，语法填空题不应以学生常犯的语法错误作为干扰项。因为语法填空主要测试学生的语篇应用能力，而将语法中的“偏、难、怪”等设空干扰，这与文章理解没有直接关系，偏离了测试的方向。 【题型分类】

5、 纵观语篇型语法填空题的命题特点与命题规律，我们不难分析：深挖掘相关的语篇型语法填空题，对精准把握命题思路与走向是有一定积极意义的。尤其注意考试说明中对语篇型语法填空设计形式的关键性诠释“在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白”，此“语言材料”无疑包涵对话体语言材料和短文体语言材料。下面仅就这两种语言材料形式的设题模式做一个诠释，以期抛砖引玉：【例1】对话体（20XX年新课标全国卷考试说明样题）Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Mum: I

6、m not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre 3 (go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finish

7、ed 5 (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. 6 , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 wasnt him.Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, m

8、y goodness. I 9 have put them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my coat?【例2】短文体 One of my fathers favorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldnt say I didnt like something, 2 it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years

9、 Ive come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (职业). 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get 5 (marry), stay hom

10、e and raise a family, so I didnt think the job I took mattered that much. I couldnt 6 more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into 8 (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought,

11、 “Well, Ill try it; 9 I dont like it I can always go back to my 10 (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.【备考策略】 语法填空是从语法角度对短文进行适当的分散挖空，考查方式分为提示词填空和不提示词填空。其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在，而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等，最后根据其

12、所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式。例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。 在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，则要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。在运用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。语法填空题的科学解题步骤可参照以下几条进行：1浏览全文，把握语篇。至于具体空格上填写什么词，只有在了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文

13、，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配，及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解，行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。2边读边填，先易后难。语法填空在设题方面分为提示词填空和不提示词填空，也称自由填空类和提示性填空类：自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在平时训练及复习这些语法要点的时候，考生可采取自由填空的练习方式进行训练；提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。3验证复查，清除难点。 根据语篇进行填空后，必须逐一进行复核检查，消除隐患，排除难点，以达到完全无障碍阅读之目的，顺利

14、流畅地表达出文章的主题大意。语法填空的检测目的也就顺利达到了。 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。【考点剖析】Passage 1Alice: Mr. Black, This is Alice speaking. Im calling to ask you 1 I can take the afternoon off today.B

15、lack: Well, of course. 2 can you tell me what the problem is, Alice？Alice: OK, Mr. Black. My son is going to take part in a singing 3 (compete) to be held in Washington tomorrow. Hes got so many things to take that he cant go there 4 .Black: So you want to take 5 there in your minibus？Alice: Yes. An

16、d as soon as I put him up in the hotel, I 6 (drive) back.Black: Well, that would be 7 too tiring journey. Its nearly 300 kilometers away and it will take you at least six hours 8 (travel) to and from Washington. Why dont you stay there until you have seen your son perform？Alice: But I have two 9 tom

17、orrow morning.Black: Dont worry. Ill tell Mary to take your classes 10 . Shes always willing to help.Alice: Thatll be nice. Thank you and give my thanks to Mary.Black: Youre welcome.Passage 2I was walking with a friend yesterday 1 I found an iPhone5s in a pile of snow. I picked 2 up and it still wor

18、ked! I started looking through the name list and calling numbers to see whether I could figure out whose phone it was. 3 , only one person answered and she didnt recognize the number that I was calling from. Since that lady didnt know whose phone it was, my friend suggested that we go back to 4 stre

19、et and the house that we found the iPhone5s in front of. I knocked on the door and two college-age people answered. They 5 (lose) their phones, but as I told them the story and mentioned some 6 on the name list, the young man said that he also had those names and it 7 be the phone of one of their fr

20、iends. I really didnt have anything to say, because in my mind I was just doing the right thing. I 8 (immediate) tried to find the owner, because that is exactly 9 I would want someone to do if either I or any of my family members lost phones. The purpose of helping others is not for return. 10 (hel

21、p) others is more than enough for me and it is the most endless joy of life.大写。【高考再现】广东省2014语法填空(共10小题；每小题l 5分满分l5分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。Night after night, she came to tuck me in, even long after my childhood years. _16_ (follow) her longsta

22、nding custom, shed lean down and push my long hair out of the way, then kiss my forehead.I dont remember _17_ it first started annoying me her hands pushing my hair that way. Finally, one night, I shouted out at her, “Dont do that anymore your hands are too rough!” She didnt say _18_ in reply. But n

23、ever again _19_ my mother close out my day _20_ that familiar expression of her love.Time after time, with the passing years, my _21_ (think) returned to that night. By then I missed my mothers hands, missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead. Now those hands I once thought to be so rough were still

24、doing things for me and my family. I frequently recalled the night my young voice complained. One night, catching Moms hand in hand, I blurted out how sorry I was for that night. I thought shed remember _22_ I did. But Mom didnt know what I _23_ (talk) about. She had forgotten and forgiven long ago.

25、That night, I fell asleep with a new _24_ (appreciate) for my gentle mother and _25_ caring hands. And the guilt that I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found. 【基础练习】Passage 1Hotel Clerk: Hi, can I help you?Man: Yes, Id like a room 1 the night, please. The sign outside says you have

26、vacancies(空房). Hotel Clerk: Yes, 2 only a couple. I guess nobody wants to drive in such 3 (storm) weather.Man: I surely dont. How much are the rooms?Hotel Clerk: They are $50 a 4 .Man: Thats fine. Hotel Clerk: I can give you Room 14. It is right beside the coffee shop. I just need 5 to sign the regi

27、ster.Man: There you go. I am 6 (awful) hungry. Is the coffee shop still open?Hotel Clerk: Yes, it is 7 until nine oclock. If you want anything after that, there are a couple of machines 8 (sell) soft drinks, chocolate barsthings like that.Man: Thank you. By the way, is there a television in the 9 ?H

28、otel Clerk: Yes, weve got cable(光缆)TV. Man: Oh, thats great.Hotel Clerk: Well, here is your key. 10 you need anything else, more towels or anything, please call me, for the office is open until midnight. Man: OK. Thanks again. Passage 2Officer: Now could you tell me your 1 , please?Jenny: Yes, offic

29、er, its Jenny. Officer: And could I have your address too, please?Jenny: Yes, 2 . Its Fourth Avenue. Officer: So, could you tell me 3 (exact) what you saw about the incident?Jenny: Yes, well, I was just coming out of the supermarket exit, when all of a sudden I heard this cry, and when I turned arou

30、nd to see 4 it was, I saw this man sort of tugging(拽拉) at this womans handbag, and she 5 (hit) him with her free hand. Then he pushed her and 6 fell to the ground. He then ran off down the street and round the comer. Officer: I see. And could you describe the man for me?Jenny: Well, let me see. He w

31、as medium height, about thirty. It all happened so quickly 7 its hard to remember. Officer: Do please try, it could be very important in 8 (help) us to catch him. Jenny: Oh yes. I do remember something else. He was wearing a yellow jacket, you know, and jeans, blue jeans. Officer: 9 you notice the color of his hair by any chance?Jenny: Oh, dark hair, I should say. Yes, dark brown. And thats 10 I can remember, Im afraid, and it was very wavy. Officer: Thank you very much, Jenny. Youve been very helpful. 时）他头发的颜色了吗？故用表示过去的助动词did，且该单词首字母必须大写。Passage 3Manag