1、中考定语从句讲解通俗易懂含图标式讲解和练习中考定语从句讲解(通俗易懂,含练习题) 定语从句 请看下面的句子: I want to know the boy who is the tallest.句子做定语修饰boy(一)概念:定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子, 叫定语从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。(二)定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词
2、或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。:Mr. Green, who is watching TV,is my uncle.(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词which, who, whom, whose, that where, when, why(四)定语从句的实质:二句合一(合并条件:人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)Mary is a girl. 合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路:留(保留先行词)-舍(舍去与先行词互指的词)-替(用关系词代替舍去部分)M
3、ary is a girl who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一 1. I saw the man. He closed the door girl is happy. She won the race man called the police . His wallet was stolen (五) 定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类 b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语 人:who/that 物:which/that2.先行词做宾语 人:who/whom/that 物:which/that3.先行词做定语 人:whose 物:whose/of wh
4、ich4.先行词做状语:when, where, whywho, whom, whose, that用法区别. who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语. The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路:先分解分析再合并分解 The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语 Whom /that作定语从句的宾语 The woman( whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解 The woman
5、is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略. whose 作定语从句的定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl. The girls mother is a teacher. 作定语小结:关系词判断步骤首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主语 宾语 定语 人w
6、ho, thatwho(m), that whose 物 which, thatwhich, that whose, of which巩固练习:用适当代关系词填空1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况: (1)先行词为all, everyt
7、hing,anything,nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时; (2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时: (3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含 last)修饰时。 (4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。 (5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀:不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错 先行词前有修饰,千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则:1. He
8、re is something that I will tell you. havent got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see. is the bike that you lost is the woman that was praised at the meeting(七)只能
9、使用which 的情况1.关系代词前有介词时;2.先行词本身是 that 时;3.非限定定语从句口诀:要有which别着急, 介词提前逗隔离。: is the classroom in which we studied for two year. has two dolls,which are from her parents单项选择:1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. who C. whom D. this2. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that
10、B. whose C. whichD. as3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday A. the oneB. which C. who D. whom this factory a lot of students visited A. the oneB. which C. who D. who5. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. that C. /D. it6. The girl handed everyt
11、hing _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. thatD. all 7. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students who 注意: 当关系词作定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词,先补出先行词再判断用法。(4,7题)完成下列句子:1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. who saved the boy s life
12、This is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. who is running The man is my uncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.The young man is a teacher. who lives next door注意:定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. (
13、河北省卷)A. who B. that C. whom D. whose2、Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. (吉林省通化市) 3、I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. (江苏省南京市) -Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_ leaving left left4、We are trying to help those children _lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.
14、(浙江省衢州市) A. which B. when C. who D. whose5、Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom (湖南长沙) 6、The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. (江苏省扬州市) are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake. C./ 7、Have you found the answer to the question _I asked you this morning (四川省成都市)
15、8、Friends are those_ make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. (河南省) A which B what C whom D who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ HongKong was returned to China. (湖北省十堰市) 10、This is the school _ I studied three years ago. (山东省菏泽市) A. where B. when C. that
16、 D. which11、What do you usually do in your leisure time (黑龙江省哈尔滨市)I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. which B. that C. where12、The village _I visited last year has changed a lot. (福建省福州市) -ReallyI hope to go there on day. 13、This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. (广西省桂林市) A. where B. which C. who D. when14、The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. (黑龙江省鸡西市) A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is15、Do you like music _ makes you relaxed (广西省定西市)A. it B. what C. who D. that
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