学年牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4同步学案及测试题 精讲精练.docx

1、学年牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4同步学案及测试题 精讲精练Unit 4 Inventions一必背词汇及短语（1）必记单词1. advertisement n. 广告 2. funny adj. 滑稽的，好笑的3. create v. 创造，创作 4. telephone n. 电话，电话机5. wheel n. 车轮，轮子 6. comfortable adj.舒适的7. carriage n. (旧时的载客的) 四轮马车 8. century n. 世纪9. passenger n. 乘客，旅客 10. invent v. 发明，创造11. practical adj. 有用的，适用

2、的 12. since prep. 从以后，自以来13. distance n. 距离，间距 14. mobile phone n. 移动电话，手机15. anytime adv. 在任何时候 16. develop v. 开发，研制17. lamp n. 灯 18. candle n. 蜡烛19. daytime n. 白天，日间 20. dust n. 灰尘，尘土21. special adj. 特殊的，特别的 22. wing n.（飞行器的）翅膀 ，机翼23. introduction n.引言 24. petrol n.汽油(2) 重点词组1. since then 自那以来 2.

3、instead of prep.代替，作为的替换3. keep in touch with 与保持联系 4. in the daytime 在白天5. keepoff 使不接近，远离 6. at the same time 同时7. throw away 扔掉 8. turn into 变成 9. make a mess 弄得一团糟 10. lead to 导致，引起，通向 11. begin to do sth 开始做某事 12. allow sb to do sth 允许做某事 13. imagine doing sth 想象做某事 14.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 15.

4、 feel+adj 觉得(3) 重点句子：1. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable.在它发明之后，旅游就变得更快更舒服了。2. In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers.在19世纪早期，第一批火车开始载乘客。3. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular.在20世纪初，小汽车变得流行起来。4. Since then, people ha

5、ve been able to speak each other over long distances. 自从那时起，人们就能和很遥远的人彼此通话。5. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. 他们允许任命随时随地保持联系。6. With light bulb, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime. 用灯泡，人们可以在晚上做与白天一样多的事。一必背词汇及短语单词1. 广告 _ 2. fun

6、ny adj._ _ n. 3. create v._= n_ _4. 电话 _ _ _ 5. wheel n. _ _ 6. 舒适的adj._ _adv._ _n. 7. carriage n._ _ 8. century n._ _ 9. passenger n. _ _= 10. invent v. n. (发明家) n. （发明物）11. practical adj. 12. since prep. 13. distance n. adj. adv. 14. mobile phone n. 15. anytime adv. 16. develop v. n. developed/dev

7、eloping / 17. lamp n. = 18. candle n. 19. daytime n. 20. dust n. 21. special adj. adv. 22. wing n. 23. introduction n. v. 24. petrol n. 短语1. since then 2. instead of 3. keep in touch with 4. in the daytime 5. keepoff 6. at the same time 7. throw away 8. turn into 9. make a mess 10. lead to 11. begin

8、 to do sth 12. allow sb to do sth 13. imagine doing sth 14.make sb do sth 15. feel+adj 16. 电灯泡 17. 过好的生活 18. 在19世纪 知识点讲解1.Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1786发明；创造invent&discover辨析invent意为“发明”，发明之物是“从无到有”，如：Modern football wasinventedby British.discover意为“发现”，

9、发现“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物，如：ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain14922.Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distance.beableto表示“能”、“会”时，与can可互换，意义差别不大。beableto与can区别1）cancould表示能力；可能(过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。can除可以表示“能”、“会”外，还可以表示“许可”、“允许”或可能性，而beableto则不可 Theywil

10、lbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.2）只用beabletoa.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。 can与beableto不能重叠使用Over/through / across通过，穿过 over是介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，表示到达高的障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等）的另一侧across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。1. speak 强调单方的“说”或“讲”并且强调的是说的动作，一般用作不及物动词，要表示“对某人说(某事)”，可用 speak to / with sb (about sth)。spe

11、ak+ 语言。如：Speak English in my class，please. I spoke to / with the chairman about my idea. 2. talk 意为“讲、谈论，谈话”是不及物动词，表示“同某人谈论(某事)”，可用 talk to / with sb (about sth)。如：He was talking to / with a friend. 3. say 强调说话内容，一般用作及物动词。表示“对某人说”，可用 say to sb。It is said that. 意为“据说”。如：It is said that he could stay

12、under the water for a long time.如：Did you say anything (to him)? 注：以下句型值得注意：据说他病了。 正：It is said that he is ill. 正：He is said to be ill.4. tell 表示“告诉”，可tell sb sth. / tell sth to sb.告诉某人某事。 如：tell sb sth. / tell sth to sb. He told his parents the good news. / He told the good news to his parents. 注：还

13、可接不定式的复合结构作宾语,tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事。如：He told the children not to play in the street. 另外，有时与介词 from 连用表示“区分”“辨别”等。如：Can you tell true friends from false friends? 3.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.Allow: 允许allow的用法1.allow(doing)sth允许(做)某事。如：Wedontalloweatingint

14、heclassrooms.(我们)不允许在教室吃饭。注：有时用于被动语态。Smokingisnotallowedhere.2.allowsb_sth允许某人做某事。如：Myparentsdontallowmetogooutatnight.4.Keep the dust off your shoes.用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。如：坚持；继续。后面如接动词，要用V-ing形式作宾语。如：Ifyoukeep(on)practisingyourspokenEnglish,youllsoonmakegreatprogress.阻止；阻碍。常用于keepsb/sthfromdoingsth结构中，其中介词from不能省略。如：Theheavyraindidntkeepthemfromwatchingthefootballmatch keep+sb/sth+形容词。如：Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.5.The Blacks throw as many as cans the Browns The Blacks ;布莱克一家。the+姓氏的名词复数，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩” As many as : 多达；和.一样多；后接可数名词复数；as much as;多达；和. 一样