1、备考英语3年中考2年模拟一轮专题复习学案第十一讲 动词时态 原卷【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟一轮专题复习学案第十一讲 动词时态 原卷思维导图记知识时态是中考英语的一个非常要的语法内容,在初中阶段我们共学习了八种时态。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。每一种时态都有可能成为中考英语的考点。因此在平时的复习中我们必须掌握每一种时态的定义、结构、标志词以及时态的特殊用法。考题常在单项选择、完形填空、单词填空中设置5-8分的题。书面表达中对时态的考查更为普遍。下面就每一种时态进行小结:一、一般现在时的用法1. 表示现在经常性或习惯性
2、的动作。如:I do the shopping every morning. 我每天早上去买东西。We always have breakfast at 7.30. 我们总是在七点半吃早饭。2. 表示现在的情况或状态。如:Most of the students are ill. 大多数学生都生病了。He likes living in the country. 他喜欢住在乡下。We need a lot of money. 我们需要一大笔钱。3. 表示格言或客观真理。如:Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。The ea
3、rth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。4.表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,e,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He es back tonight. 他今晚回来5.在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时 来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如: Ill tell him the news when he es bac
4、k. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。 从以上说明可以看出,一般现在时的用法比较好理解,但问题是,在考题中命题者会设置一定的情景,将一般现在时的用法隐含其中,所以同学们在具体做题时,要学会灵活运用。二、一般过去时的用法1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如:He bought the puter five years ago. 这电脑是他五年前买的。It was then a small fishing village那时
5、它只是一个小渔村。2. 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。如:We often played together when we were children我们小时候常在一起玩。表示过去习惯性的动作,也可用used to或would。如:He used to go to work by bus. 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。综观近年来的中考英语考题,命题者在设置一般过去时考点时,也通常会给出一个特定的语境,然后要求考生结合所给情景进行分析作答。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 三、一般将来时的用法一般将来时的基本用法是表示将来要发生的情况或存
6、在的状态。一般将来时由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成。如:We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月将下很多雨。I think she will pass the exam. 我想他考试会及格的。注意,除可用“will /shall+动词原形”表示将来时态外,“be going to+动词原形”也可用于表示将来的打算和预测。如:We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里久待。(表打算)Im afraid theyre going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预
7、测)注意:根据英语习惯,在时间状语或条件状语从句,通常不能直接使用一般将来时,遇此情况可以用一般现在时来表示将来意义。四、现在进行时的用法现在进行时主要表示说话人的说话时刻正在进行的动作、不断重复的动作或目前这个阶段正在进行的动作。如:Were having a meeting. 我们在开会。(说话时正在进行的动作)Be quiet! The baby is sleeping. 安静,孩子在睡觉。(说话时正在进行的动作)He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。(目前阶段在进行的动作)另外,现在进行时的以下两种用法也值得注意:1. 用现在进行时表将
8、来:该用法主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。如:Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。Theyre getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。2. 用现在进行时表示感色彩:该用法通常是与always连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。比较:Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)She always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。(陈述一个事实)The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎。(表示厌恶)The boy often lies. 这孩子常撒谎。(指
9、出缺点)五、过去进行时 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用。 例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词,如e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之
10、后,另一个动作正在进行。 例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。 例如:One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the e
11、lectricity .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。 过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with
12、 her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具) 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He
13、was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)六、现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经
14、开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间 的时间状语连用,常用的有:for一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说 明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long. 例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、 现在完成时需注意的问题:表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,c
15、lose,e,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误)He has been in the army for five years.(正确)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以 持续的。例如:I have received his letter for a month.(错)I havent received his letter for almost a month. (对) 不能和明确的过去时间状语连用,
16、如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。4、have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:have/has gone to:是说去某地方了,即在那个地方或者是在去那个地方的途中 Have/has been to:去过什么地方,即现在已经不在那个地方了例如:Mr.Li has gone to Lanzhou 去了兰州(现在在兰州或者在去兰州的路上)I have never been to Beijing去过北京(现在已经不在北京了) 5、在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该
17、瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:瞬间性动词的完成时 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时have (already) gone to have been in / at for (two years)has e to has been here since (1990)(had) left (had) been away from arrived been in died been dead begun been on ended been over bought. had borrowed kept joined been in 7、过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作
18、发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过 去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。例如:The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前,火车已经开走了。He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态,常与for/since引导的表 示过去的时间状语连用。例如:I had li
19、ved in America for two years before I came here .我来这之前在美国住过两年。3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。如:We had hoped that you would e, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。过去完成时时间状语
20、有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for 或since构成的时间状语。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经
21、走掉了)过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)8、过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如:He said that he would fi
22、nish his work before 9 oclock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2、表示过去的某种习惯,只要would。例如:Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手。过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有:later, soon, the next (day).在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使
23、用一般过去时。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我
24、她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)考点一:一般现在时典例1:(2018河北省)30. Gary is the best singer in my class. No one else _ so well.A. sings B. sang C.
25、will sing D. is singing 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:Gary在我们班是最好的歌手,没有其他人唱地那么好了。由Gary is the best singer in my class.得知该句为一般现在时。故选A。举一反三( )1.(2018安徽省)35. Before the sun_, we need to get to the top of the mountain.A. set B. sets C. is setting D. will set( )2.(2018 北京)7. Bill likes reading. He picture books wi
26、th his dad every evening.A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read( )3. - Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father? - I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he _up. A. will wake B. wake C. wakes D. woke考点二:一般过去时典例2:(2018湖北宜昌)6. -_ you _the Chinese Culture Festival in the Ce
27、ntral Square?-Yes. It was really a great success.A. Areattending B. Willattend C. Doattend D. Didattend【答案】D【解析】句意:你参加了中央广场的中国文化节吗?是的。这真是一个巨大的成功。考查动词时态辨析题。根据答语It was really a great success.,可知是过去的动作,需用一般过去时,可排除ABC三个选项,故选D。举一反三( )1.(2018 四川乐山)6. Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special!Yeah, it
28、_ nearly 500 years ago.A. was building B. was built C. has built ( )2.(2018 四川乐山)9. There is someone knocking at the door.It must be the repairman. I _ him to e to fix our fridge two hours ago.A. call B. have called C. called( )3.(2018 南京)7. -Simon, do you know who invented the kite?-Sure! It _ by M
29、ozi over 2,000 years ago.A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented考点三:一般将来时典例3:(2018 南京)9. -We _ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this ing summer holiday.-Thats amazing!A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go【答案】D【解析】即将到来的暑假,我们将和交换生一起去云锦博物馆-太神奇了。根据句意时间可知为将来时态,故选D。举
30、一反三1.If you _ carefully, you _ the report well. (广州中考题)A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understandC. listen; will understand D. listen; understand2. I dont know when Jim _. Ill meet him at the airport when he _.A. will return; return B. returns; will return C. returned; returned D.
31、 will return; returns.考点四:现在进行时典例4:(2018重庆)24. Listen! Mr. Black _ a talk on robots in the hall.A. gives B. is giving C. will give D. gave【答案】B【解析】根据listen这个条件,知道使用现在进行时,其它答案排除。举一反三( )1.(2018 河南省)28.一Honey, where are you?一I Just let me put on my shoes.A. e B. came C. am ing D. have e2. - Listen. Who _in the next room?- It maybe Mr Lee.A.sings B. is singing C. sang
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