助力高考英语任务型阅读专项特训5.docx

1、助力高考英语任务型阅读专项特训5【助力2019】高考英语任务型阅读专项特训（5） (1) Zebras have their own bug repellent(驱虫剂)? Eww bugs! They are so annoying! We humans are lucky that we can apply repellents to avoid nasty bites. But whats an animal to do? They have no choice but to spend their days shooing them off with their tails, unle

2、ss, of course, they are zebras, who apparently have their own automatic repellent- their striped skin!Scientists had originally thought that the reason why the animal had developed the black and white lines was to help protect itself from predators in the African savannah, because the stripes make i

3、t difficult to single out one zebra that is traveling with a herd.While that may be true, the theory has never been tested or proven. Now the experts have another-that the stripes have evolved to repel the annoying horse flies that not only feed off their blood, but also, transmit dangerous germs in

4、to the bodies of these innocent animals.The study was performed by a team of Swedish scientists. One of the clues that got them thinking along these lines was the fact that darker horses got bitten more often than light-colored or white ones.The fact that zebras are born black and only develop strip

5、s as they grow older made the scientists theorize that the stripes may be something the animals have developed to make themselves less attractive to flies.To test if this may be the case, they painted some boards at a horse-infested horse farm in Budapest with pattens of black and white stripes of v

6、arying widths and applied a layer of glue on them. What they noticed was that the places where the black and white stripes were at their narrowest (similar to what zebras have) attracted the fewest flies. They achieved similar results when they painted horses with black and white zebra-like stripes.

7、While the research are not sure why this may be the case, they believe it may be something to do with the way insects operate-horseflies are attracted to horizontally polarized light（偏振光）; since white does not reflect it, white horses are luckier than black ones. But zebras seem to be the luckiest o

8、f all. When the researchers measured the polarized light reflected from real zebra skins, they found that it matched light pattens that were the least attractive to horseflies.While this theory does make logical sense, nobody is 100 percent sure that it is really true, given that it has never been t

9、ested on a real zebra. If it is true, it does raise the question of why a horse, a close relative of the zebra has failed to develop stripes. The researchers believe that this could be because there are more horseflies in Africa, where zebras reside, then anywhere else in the world. Title Zebras hav

10、e their own bug repellent?Reasons for zebras developing their stripsOriginal belief来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K来源:1来源:Z,xx,k.ComWith the black and white lines, one zebra is difficult to single out while traveling with a herd, thus _1_ it from its enemies.来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。KNew theoryZebras, residing i

11、n Africa where there are most horseflies in the world ,have developed strips to avoid being_2_ .A studyResearchersA team of scientists from _3_4_To test if strips are developed to make zebras less attractive to flies.Clues*White or light-colored horses are less _5_ to get bitten than dark ones.*Zebr

12、as develop strips as they grow older though born black .Method*Some boards at a horse farm are painted with pattens of black and white stripes _6_ wide, a layer of glue applied on them*Measured the polarized light reflected from real zebra skins_7_*The places where the black and white stripes were s

13、imilar to the _8_zebras have attracted the fewest flies*Strips of zebras matched light pattens that were the least attractive to horsefliesPrinciple of zebras black and white strips repelling the fliesHorizontally polarized light, which white does not reflect, _9_ to horseflies.Conclusion_10_tested

14、on real zebras, the theory isnt definitely true.Possible answers:1.protecting 2. attacked 3.Sweden 4.Purpose 5.likelyvariously 7.Findings 8.ones 9.appeals 10.Unless （2）The new years just begun and already youre finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kic

15、k smoking. Theres a biological reason a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break they get deep-rooted in our brains.Thats not an excuse to give up. Understanding how unhealthy behaviors become deep-rooted has scientists learning some tricks that may help good habits replace the bad. Why are bad ha

16、bits stronger? Youre fighting against the power of an immediate reward, We all as creatures are hard-wired that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward than something thats delayed. says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.Just how that bit of happiness turns

17、into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine（多巴胺）. It conditions the brain to want that reward again and again increasing the connection each time especially when it gets the right cue(暗示) from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations aroun

18、d them, thus destroying attempts to get rid of bad habits, Even scientists who recognize it find it hard to resist. I dont like popcorn. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it, Volkow says. Its fascinating.A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as som

19、e companies offer employees outright payments or insurance rebates for adopting better habits.However paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are some steps that may help counter your brains hold on bad habits :repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior the same routine at the same time of

20、 day. Determined to exercise? Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in haphazardly, makes the brain recognize the habit so eventually. If you dont do it, you feel awful, Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit even if your

21、muscles protest. Reward yourself with something you really desire, Volkow stresses. You exercised all week? Stuck to your diet? Buy a book, a great pair of jeans, or try a fancy restaurant - safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity. Topic_1_speaking, bad habits are

22、 hard to break as they are rooted deeply in our brains.How unhealthy behaviors become deep-rootedAll creatures ,including humans,have a _2_ for an immediate reward rather than what is delayed.Dopamine conditions the brain to want that reward _3_, turning that bit of happiness into a habit.People are

23、 usually unlikely to be _4_ to temptations, thus failing to get rid of bad habits.How is the connection taken _5_ofThe knowledge motivates scientists to create some tricks getting bad habits to make _6_ for the good ones.A movement Companies reward employees for _7_up better habits Steps to help _8_

24、bad habits*Repeat the new behaviour at a _9_ time daily ,making the brain recognize the habit eventually.*Reward yourself with what you are really _10_ forPossible answers:1.Biologically 2.preference 3.repeatedly 4.resistant 5. advantage 6. way 7.picking 8.kick/break/drop 9. fixed 10.desperate/eager

25、/dying （3）An Event of ImaginationThe year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earths atmosphere with a massive ex

26、plosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern A

27、frica at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into

28、California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north wont escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds o

29、f dust, and temperature around the world falls to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun wont be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million remain alive.Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the hi

30、story of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldnt live through the cold climate that followed and they died out.

31、 Will we meet the same end?请根据以上文章，完成下列表格：_1_ResultsThe remaining part hits the South Atlantic 200 times as_2_ as sound.The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed, from _3_ huge waves are created and spread outwards,.A tsunami(海啸) hits southern Africa,cities on the African cities _4_ and mi

32、llions of people_5_. One piece of comet four kilometers in _6_enters the Earths atmosphere, _7_in a massive explosion. Clouds of dust _8_ the sun and the temperature falls to almost zero, _9_crops. Wars break out for food and only 10 million people remain. The dinosaurs couldnt live through the_10_ cold climate and they died out.