句子成分和句法.docx

1、句子成分和句法杨双艳QQ:3347694226Merry ChristmasXmas句子成分:8I love you.独立成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语附属成分：同位语、状语、定语She is a teacher.We call him LAO WANG.1. 主语：句子的主体、动作的发出者Smoking is harmful to health.-动名词Healthy:adjTo be a good student is not an easy job.-动词不定式作主语=It is not an easy job to be a good student.How to to relie

2、ve your pressure?The rich should help the poor.The young:Youth:The old:The injured:伤员，意外伤害The wounded：伤员The beautiful：美好的事情The disabled：残疾人The patient:病人Patient：adj,有耐心的PatiencePatience is vital.-CouragePerseverance:毅力，恒心What she said is important to us.-从句做主语Two thirds of these girls are there.Ther

3、e are two thirds of these girls.-倒装句There：adv, 在那儿Here are the buses.On the wall are many pictures.Ps:主语一般放在句首，但是在倒装句中，主语一般位于谓语动词之后。在祈使句中一般没有主语。2. 谓语：表示主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。They met each other in Columbia.They would not have met each other if they had not gone abroad.Meet复合谓语：情态动词+非情态动词Would+ have metPs

4、:1.一个句子不能谓语3. 非谓语动词不能作谓语4. 谓语动词有时态和语态的变化3. 宾语：动作的对象You are a charming person.All work and no play, make Jack a dull boy.I have everything, except money.-不定代词不定代词：everythingNothingAnythingSomethingEveryoneNo oneAnyoneSomeoneEverybodySomebodyAnybodyNobodybothEachEvery:不可以单独做主语Either：二选一Neither：两者都不Few

5、：几乎没有，修饰可数名词Little：几乎没有，修饰不可数名词NoneNo oneAll:Both are rotten.Teachers ask to finish all the task on time.-宾语Teachers ask students to finish all the task on time.-补语Haste makes waste.欲速则不达Did you write down what she said?从句Hurry up记下来：note down4. 表语:说明主语的特点、特征She is a teacher.All the questions remain

6、 mysterious.形容词系动词1. 表示状态：be(am,is,are, was were)2. 表示保持：keep, remain,stay,stand,rest,lie躺着3. 表示变化：get, turn,fall,grow,become,come, go,4. 表示看起来像：seem, look, appear, seem to be5. 表示感官：taste, smell,sound，feel6. 表示证明/结果是：prove, turn outThe result turned out to be wrong.ProveProof:证明，不可数，证据，可数名词Adj，不透明的

7、，穿不透的Water-proof watchSun-proof clothesListen toThese roses smell sweet.The boy seems to be /looks like /seems likea little blue.Apples have gone rotten.Grow oldLeaves get/turn/fall yellow.Lie lied lied lying 说谎Tell a lie:说谎She lied.Lie lay lain lying 躺 Lay laid laid laying:下蛋，放置，搁Stand still:站着不动St

8、and:动词，忍受I can not stand you.Bear:Bearable:Unbearable:5. 补语主语补足语宾语补足语We elect her our school babe.School beautyAmerican Beauty美国丽人1997TitanicWhen pigs flyTomJackRose I see.CandyBerryapple李白JohnMake up ones mind to do sthMind:名词，思想动词：介意Mind doing sthDo you mind _my_opening the window?She was elected

9、our school babe.Tired and sleepy, she went to bed.主语补足语的位置十分灵活He, 1.8 meter tall, is a handsome boy.IQEQ:We call him Lao Wang.-名词I found him asleep.-形容词I found him in the hill.-地点状语，介词短语Ps:在宾语补足语中，宾语和宾补之间存在主谓关系She told students not to play in the street.-动词不定式附属成分：1. 定语A handsome boyA ball penHis na

10、meThe boy to write a letter for you is your student. Muddy puddleThe boy who is writing English words is your student.定语的位置：单个的定语一般位于名词之前，但是动词不定式、短语、定语从句等作定语，放在名词后面I have something important to tell you.形容词放在不定代词后面Available:可以提供的I have nothing available.Single/bachelor:学士学位，单身狗2. 状语状语从句：9Being ill,

11、he did not go to class.原因状语目的状语To pass the exam, he stayed up.结果状语条件状语时间状语地点状语比较状语方式状语伴随状语GoodGreatTerrific:极好的，可怕的Aggressive:有进取心的，挑衅的Leave：离开，留下，遗忘Cleave:劈开，粘住3. 同位语We students should eat in canteen.She has two children, a boy and a girl.The fact that we will have 100 exams is true。that在定语从句中是充当成分

12、的。五大基本句型1. SVi(不及物动词)-主谓结构Sleep：nI have a sound sleep.Sound:adj,完整的，完全的，健全的I sleep with you.2. S+vt及物动词+o：主谓宾3. S+Vt+O+O:双宾语结构Tell sb sth=tell sth to sbShe told me a secret.=She told a secret to me.Give sb sth=give sth to sbBuy sb sth=buy sth for sbHe bought me a pair of shoes.=He bought a pair of s

13、hoes for me.Offer sb sth=offer sth to sbTo:动作的方向For:为了。，受益者间接宾语：me:人直接宾语： a pair of shoes.：物Write sb sth=write sth to sbTake me sth=take sth to sb4. Sv(系动词)p：主系表结构没有被动语态 功能上1. 陈述句2. 疑问句3. 祈使句4. 感叹句What:+名词What a hot day it is!How+形容词How hot a day it is!_what_hot weather it is!Weather:不可数Fun:_what_fun it is!Fun:不可数名词：开心的事情，有趣的事情玩的愉快：have funFunny:adj,有趣的，开心的5. S+vt+o+c:主谓宾宾补She told children not to play in the street.简单句并列句复合句并列复合句We are eating hotpot.We are eating hotpot and singing a song.We are eating hotpot, singing a song, when suddenly are robbed by hijackers.Class is over.