托福综合口语Task 6满分攻略.docx

1、托福综合口语Task 6满分攻略托福综合口语Task 6满分攻略托福培训丨托福综合口语Task 6满分攻略 新托福口语第六题Task6向来是让考生们感到头疼的一项任务。它的话题范围广、话题难度深、材料时间长、说话者语速快等这一系列因素，都是考生在第六题拿高分道路上的拦路虎。当然，我们考生自身欠缺的一些能力也是导致在第六题难拿高分的一大因素。许多考生可以在Academic Course Content这一部分，也就是Task4和Task6两道题拿到”Fair”这一等级，也就是说原始分值为分之间，转换到最终分数大概是19-23之间。但是这个分数对许多考生来说远远不够，甚至过低。如果你的目标是100

2、+, 105+, 甚至是110+, 那么你的目标应该是在这一部分拿到”Good”这一等级，也就是原始分值, 换算分值27-30分。所以今天，朗阁托福培训中心口语组的专家就为大家来一一剖析第六题难拿高分的具体原因，以及针对各个原因给考生们奉献最直接、最有效、最简单的满分攻略。 首先，让我们来看一看导致考生在Task6难拿高分的三大原因： ? 教授讲课重点模糊 ? 考生话题词汇不足 ? 考生细节记录不足 下面我们来逐一分析一下这三个原因。 原因一：教授讲课重点模糊 大部分的听力材料中，教授讲课的顺序都是比较固定且有较明确的思路顺序的，也就是一个主题+两个要点+要点解释及举例。而且，教授在讲课时会运

3、用一些连接词帮助我们定位和记录要点。但是，一旦教授的讲课不再按照我们已经形成的固有思维来展开，那么考生多半会慌乱且手足无措。 我们先来看一下有明确讲课重点和讲课重点模糊的两段材料的对比： TPO14 A lot of plants and animals live near the surface of the ocean, and that means theres a lot of food near the surface, because there are lots of plants and animals to eat. But if you go down to the dee

4、pest parts of the ocean, its cold and dark, and theres not a lot of living down there, so food is very scarce. So organisms that live down at these great depths have developed special adaptations to help them survive in this environment where food is so hard to find. For example,many deep-sea organi

5、sms have body features that enable them to eat prey that are larger than themselves. A good example, um, theres a species of eel that has an enormous mouth and a large stomach thats capable of expanding. And these unusual features allow this eel to eat prey larger than itself. Thats a big advantage

6、because if the eel eats something big, thats a lot of food, a lot of nutrition. So the eel can go for quite a while before it has to find food again. Another helpful adaptationin some deep-sea organisms is the ability to generate light. And some organisms use that light to help them capture food. Fo

7、r example, theres a kind of fish called the angler fish. And on its head, this fish has a little structure that produces light that glows in the dark. This little structure, this little light, is positioned close to the fishs mouth. Other fish are attracted to this light, they think its something sm

8、all they can eat, so they swim straight toward it. And that brings them close enough for the angler fish to capture them and eat them. 很明显，本段材料遵循典型的教授讲课套路，即一个主旨“organisms that live down at these great depths have developed special adaptations to help them survive”, 两个points分别是：“many deep-sea organis

9、ms have body features that enable them to eat prey that are larger than themselves”和“the ability to generate light”, 而且非常明显的是两个要点分别用了连接词“For example”和“Another helpful adaptation”来帮助考生定位。再继续往下听，我们又听到了表示举例的连接词“A good example”和“For example”, 这就更明确地告诉我们两个例子要出现了，提醒考生们仔细听、注意记录。所以这样的听力材料是非常好定位，能够让考生清晰地get到

10、重点的。 我们再来看一段没有明确讲课重点的材料。 TPO17 Now lets talk about a particular cultural process: diffusion. Since the beginning of human history, diverse cultures have taken advantage of one anothers innovations when theyve come into contact. Diffusion is the process whereby something culturallike a custom, a type

11、 of food or an invention is spread from one group to another, or from one society to another. One group adopts a cultural item, or, more selectively, just part of a cultural item of another group, you see? Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways: military conquest or tourism or even someth

12、ing like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world. For example, take something like reading a modern newspaper here in the US. Have you ever thought about where the letters, the characters on the page youre reading, where they came from? They were borrowed from another culture many centu

13、ries ago. Then, the printing of the words, well, that process was invented in Germany, and finally, the paper itself, the paper was invented in China. These innovations from all over the world were shared across cultures over time, and so today we have newspapers in the US. So the process of diffusi

14、on might take place over long distances and over long periods of time. Now Im not saying that diffusion happens easily, as I mentioned, sometimes its selective. For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture. The Chinese practice of using needles to cure disease or rel

15、ieve pain. So, lots of people in the US have realized that acupuncture is effective, but few of them fully understand or have committed themselves to the philosophy behind acupuncture. Cultures tend to resist ideas that seem to foreign, too different from their own beliefs and values. But the ideas

16、which arent perceived as too different are often incorporated, absorbed, diffused into their culture, so the practice of acupuncture has been absorbed into US culture, but not the philosophies of Chinese medicine. 本段材料我们是以文字形式呈现的，且已经给大家分了段，所以看起来结构上比较清晰。但是，试想一下，如果我们盲听这段材料，其实重点是非常模糊的。因为材料一开始教授就说我们来讨论一

17、下特殊的文化过程diffusion。但是听了半天，我们只听到了什么是diffusion。根据以往的经验，我们期待着教授能指出本次讲课的重点，也一直在猜测着，是要讲文化传播的两种途径？还是文化传播的两种影响？还是文化传播的两种特征？总之，教授并没有明确说明。所以，我们只能硬着头皮往下听。教授说，文化传播可以通过很多种方法，比如战争、旅游、卫星电视。再往下教授居然直接举了例子！许多同学听到这里内心应该是崩溃的，教授开始举例子这件事说明我们前面既错过了主题，也错过了第一个要点。如果考生还在期待着听到明确的重点，那么很遗憾，你已经错过了两个得分点了。 所以，朗阁托福培训中心的老师在这里诚心建议大家：

18、攻略一：牢记信号词、重点都不落 何为信号词？并不是单纯的表示列举和增补关系的连接词，比如first, second, another, also等。而是表示教授将要讲出重点的一些语助词或标记语，比如OK, Now, Well等。这些词被称为Discourse Marker，让我们先来看看关于它的定义吧-A discourse marker is something that either connects a sentence to what comes before or after, or indicates a speakers attitude to what he is saying

19、. Now discourse markers are assigned functions in different levels of analysis: topic changes, reformulations, discourse planning, stressing,hedging, or backchanneling. 大家看到，语篇标语的功能是多样的，其中两条topic changes和stressing是听力材料中最频繁出现的。也就是说，当我们听到材料中有OK, Now, Well, Then, All right, You know, I mean, Actually,

20、Basically, So等，就需要提高警惕，因为讲课重点要出现了。 所以我们再回顾一下刚才的材料，在教授讲完什么是diffusion之后，教授先说了“Now”,后来讲完第一个例子，又有一个“So”做了关于第一个例子的总结。之后呢，教授又说了“Now”。这都是在提醒我们，重点来了，需要记录了。所以我们现在再来看这篇材料的内容就很好懂了。教授讲了关于diffusion的两个知识，一个是可以通过很多种方法传播，一个是传播的过程有时是有选择性的。教授分别用了报纸上的文字和纸张本身，以及针灸，这两个例子来分别解释了两个要点。所以，将来在听的过程中，不仅要对连接词敏感，还要牢记上面补充的语篇标语，只要听

21、到这些信号词，就抓紧记下后面的内容，以免错过要点，错失分数。 原因二：考生话题词汇不足 话题词汇不足，这是大部分考生的弱点。托福考试的话题范围广，有深度，虽然考试不要求我们具备相关的背景知识，但是具备相关的背景知识能很大程度上帮助我们理解听力内容。那么，如果不具备背景知识，我们只能把所有赌注都压在词汇量上了。这确实是一个不争的事实。但是往往考生们来不及背那么多话题词汇，就算背了很多，也不一定背得全、记得牢。毕竟话题广就意味着只背高频词是涵盖不了所有话题需要的词汇的，所以我们常常听得懵懵懂懂，真正意思全靠猜。比如我们来看下面两则材料： TPO30 (part) When we humans wa

22、lk from place to place, we move on the Earths surface, across the Earths surface. Many animals of course do the same thing. Horses and dogs and cows and so on, all move on the surface, across the surface of the Earth. There are also, there are quite a few animals that have the ability to move from p

23、lace to place underground, beneath the Earths surface. This moving around underground is called subsurface locomotion. Subsurface locomotion has a number of benefits. TPO10 (part) OK, we generally assume that babies can feel only very basic emotions like happiness or anger, that is, the babies just

24、react to things that happen directly to them. However, some new researchs suggesting that babies may be able to feel concern for others, to have empathy for others. Now, empathy is a complex emotion. It involves a baby relating to someone elses emotions, not just reacting to things happening directl

25、y to them. Lets talk about an experiment that may show that babies could be capable of feeling empathy. 关于第一则材料，我们能很明确的知道主题是“Subsurface locomotion has a number of benefits”。但是重点在于，subsurface locomotion的意思是很多考生不知道的。Subsurface这个词有个sub, 我们能知道是在下面，surface是表面，所以应该能猜到是在之下的意思。关键在于locomotion这个词，很多考生会猜与local

26、这个词有关，但事实是两词之间并无关联。所以单纯靠猜是行不通的。 第二段材料中，我们通过判断，得知“However, some new researches suggest that babies may be able to feel concern for others, to have empathy for others.”意思是想证明婴儿可以对别人有concern和empathy。大部分考生都知道concern的意思，却不知道empathy的意思。而后面的材料则对empathy进行了一番讨论，说明empathy的重要性，所以我们必须要搞懂这个关键词的意思。那么我们能如何快速解决生词的困

27、扰呢？ 攻略二：转述必须听得好，生词理解没烦恼 转述(Paraphrase)，是指将一个词转换成另一种方式表达出来。托福考试中的转述常见的形式包括同义替换和释义两种。同义替换，是用一个同义词或同义短语把一个词或短语替换出来，结构简单，容易理解。释义，是用一句话或几句话把一个词或短语解释出来。这两种方法都是新托福口语综合题目的Task4和Task6常用的技巧。我们在材料中看到或听到不认识的词时，完全可以通过这个词附近的同义词或解释来帮助理解。 比如，我们刚刚在第一个材料中看到了subsurface locomotion, 而这个词的前面就正好用了释义这个方法把这个词的意思解释的非常清楚。“qui

28、te a few animals that have the ability to move from place to place underground, beneath the Earths surface. This moving around underground is called subsurface locomotion.”意思是说，有些动物可以在地下移动，而在地下移动这件事就叫做subsurface locomotion。再比如，第二则材料就很好地运用了同义替换和释义两种方法。首先教授说了婴儿会对别人有concern, 这个词很简单，就是关心、担心的意思，可以同义替换给em

29、pathy。如果不放心，我们继续往下看。教授说“It involves a baby relating to someone elses emotions, not just reacting to things happening directly to them.”意思是说empathy是婴儿可以关心到别人的情绪。通过这句话，再联系concern的意思，我们就很容易理解本题的主旨了。所以记住，遇到生词不用怕，与主旨相关的重要的生词教授都会做出解释。去仔细听这个生词前后的同义词，或是听懂对这个词的释义，都能很好地帮我们理解，打破生词的障碍。 原因三：考生细节记录不足 很多人在记录第六题的听力

30、内容时，只关注整段材料的主体框架，即一个主旨，两个要点，和两个例子。他们往往忽略一些细节，这些细节包括对于两个要点的解释，对于例子的解释，还包括有时教授讲述的实验过程中的细节。下面我们通过两个例子来看看我们考生常忽略的一些细节。 TPO33 OK, so last time we were talking about the processes of starting up a business on your own. And how new business owners often encounter a lot of obstacles. But one way to get an e

31、asier start is through franchising. Thats when theres already a well-known, established company and you open up a new branch of that company in a new location. Your new business will be a part of the larger established company with the same name and itll be run just like the other branches of that c

32、ompany. Lets discuss some advantages of franchising. (topic) Now, one great advantage of franchising is that the company provides training to you and all of your employees (point 1).They teach you about all the aspects of the business and youre given a plan to follow for success (detail). So, you dont have to do the training yourself or come up with your own business plan. For example, if youre opening up a new division of a restaurant that sells pizza, say. Somebody from the company will come to the restaurant that youre opening and they