1、高温超导材料的特性测试和低温温度计实验报告下载可编辑实验二十三 :高温超导材料的特性测试和低温温度计2016.12.29一、实验数据记录1.室温检测 :表 1.室温检测数据表铂电阻电压 ( mV )109.03铂电阻电流 (mA)100.30Si 半导体电阻电压 (V)0.5155Si 半导体电阻电流 ( A)100.00样品电压 ( mV )0.162样品电流 ( mA )10.0165温差电偶电阻0.0002.低温温度计对比数据及超导转变曲线数据 :见下表降温U-pt/mVU-Si/V温差电偶 /mV样品电压 /mVT/K样品电阻105.000.54175.5700.148283.150.
2、0148104.000.54805.4770.146280.700.0146103.000.55455.3820.144278.250.0144102.000.56105.2880.143275.800.0143.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑101.000.56745.1950.142273.350.0142100.000.57405.1010.141270.900.014199.000.58035.0110.140268.440.014098.000.58704.9210.139265.990.013997.000.59404.8290.138263.540.013896.000.00004.
3、7420.137261.090.013795.000.60644.6490.136258.640.013694.000.61314.5640.135256.190.013593.000.61954.4800.133253.730.013392.000.62654.3890.132251.280.013291.000.63304.3040.131248.830.013190.000.63944.2200.130246.380.013089.000.64654.1340.128243.930.012888.000.65304.0470.127241.480.012787.000.66003.966
4、0.126239.030.012686.000.66683.8810.125236.570.012585.000.67363.7970.123234.120.012384.000.68073.7170.122231.670.012283.000.68763.6340.121229.220.012182.000.69433.5540.120226.770.012081.000.70103.4740.119224.320.011980.000.70753.3960.118221.860.0118.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑79.000.71433.3200.116219.410.011678.00
5、0.72113.2430.115216.960.011577.000.72763.1710.114214.510.011476.000.73463.0940.113212.060.011375.000.74103.0200.112209.610.011274.000.74782.9460.110207.150.011073.000.75452.8740.109204.700.010972.000.76072.8080.108202.250.010871.000.76602.7480.107199.800.010770.000.77272.6770.105197.350.010569.000.7
6、7942.6070.104194.900.010468.000.78602.5340.103192.440.010367.000.79282.4630.102189.990.010266.000.79982.3900.100187.540.010065.000.00002.3180.099185.090.009964.000.81302.2420.098182.640.009863.000.81922.1760.097180.190.009762.000.82372.1300.096177.740.009661.000.82902.0760.095175.280.009560.000.0000
7、2.0220.094172.830.009459.000.00001.9600.093170.380.009358.000.85031.9290.092167.930.0092.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑57.000.85671.8650.091165.480.009156.000.86211.8020.090163.030.009055.000.86801.7510.088160.570.008854.000.87481.6950.086158.120.008653.000.88151.6230.085155.670.008552.000.88821.5580.084153.220.0084
8、51.000.89491.4900.083150.770.008350.000.90191.4290.081148.320.008149.000.90951.3590.080145.860.008048.000.91571.2980.079143.410.007947.000.92191.2450.078140.960.007846.000.92761.1910.077138.510.007745.000.93341.1360.076136.060.007644.000.93901.0840.075133.610.007543.000.94471.0320.074131.150.007442.
9、000.95090.9850.073128.700.007341.000.95660.9290.072126.250.007240.000.96220.8770.071123.800.007139.000.96550.8320.070121.350.007038.000.97130.8020.069118.900.006937.000.97660.7530.068116.450.006836.000.98200.7080.067113.990.0067.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑35.000.98710.6630.065111.540.006534.000.99200.6210.064109.
10、090.006433.000.99990.5340.063106.640.006332.001.00930.4570.062104.190.006231.001.01350.4080.059101.740.005930.001.01960.3620.05599.280.005528.711.02710.05196.120.005128.651.0275.0.04895.970.004828.611.02780.04695.880.004628.561.02880.04295.750.004228.551.02810.04095.730.004028.531.02830.03795.680.00
11、3728.511.02820.03495.630.003428.501.02830.03195.610.003128.491.02850.02495.580.002428.481.02850.02095.560.002028.481.02850.01695.560.001628.461.02860.01395.510.001328.461.02860.01095.510.001028.451.02870.00895.480.000828.441.02870.00595.460.000528.431.02870.00395.430.0003.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑28.411.02880.0
12、0195.390.000128.391.02890.00095.340.00003.液氮沸点监测数据 :表 2:液氮沸点监测数据铂电阻电压 ( mV )20.36铂电阻电流 (mA)99.84Si 半导体电阻电压 (V)1.0713Si 半导体电阻电流 ( A)100.01样品电压 ( mV )0.000样品电流 ( mA )10.0173温差电偶电阻0.000二、 实验数据分析 、处理和结论1. 处理室温检测数据 ,给出三部分测量电路的电流 、室温 、室温下的超导样品的电阻 :(1 ) 电流 :铂电阻 : 109.03mA Si 半导体电阻 : 100.00 A样品电流 : 10.0165m
13、A.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑(2) 室温:T=2.4516*109.03+25.736=293.03K(3)室温下 ,样品的电阻 :R=0.162/10.0165=0.0162 2.处理低温温度计对比数据 ,作图给出对比结果 ,总结三种温度计的特点 :图 1: Si 电压 -温度曲线Y=-0.0026x+1.2798 R2 = 0.9994图 2:温差电偶电压 - 温度曲线.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑线性拟合 :Y=0.0279x-2.6711 R2 =0.990非线性拟合 :Y=0.000057x 2+0.0061x-0.75127 R2 =0.9998结论 :由图 1 : Si 半导体电
14、压随着温度呈线性相关 ,且是负相关 。由图 2 :温差电偶与温度成正相关 ,在拟合过程中发现 ,二次拟合要比一次的拟合精确的多 。 因此温差电偶电压应该与温度成二次关系 。比较两图一直 , Si 半导体的温敏线性较好 ,成的是线性关系 ,温差电偶电压与温度成二次关系 ,铂电阻 R 与 T 成线性关系 。3.作图并用最小二乘法处理超导样品测量数据,给出转变温度 。图 3 :样品电阻 - 温度曲线.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑图 4:样品电阻 - 温度电压 (最小二乘法 )Y=0.000048x+0.00109 R-Square=0.9994结论 :由图 3、 4 可知 :随着温度下降 ,R 首先以
15、直线下降 ,在到达一定的温度时 ,斜率发生突变的点为转变温度 。对于高温时的数据进行线性拟合 ,其近似一条直线 。通过对.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑于突变处的观察 ,突变温度约为 103K 。4.处理液氮沸点检测数据 ,给出液氮沸点 ,液氮温度下超导样品的电阻 、三部分测量电路的电流 ,与温室数据对比 ,评测系统的精确度和稳定性 。液氮的沸点77.60K超导样品电阻0.000 Pt 电阻电流99.84mASi 半导体电流100.01 A超导样品电流10.0165mAPt 的电阻精确到 : 0.01mV0.01mASi 半导体电阻精确到: 0.0001V 0.01*10-6A超导样品精确到 :
16、0.001Mv0.0001 Ma温差电偶温度计精确到 : 0.001Mv铂 U 最小 28.39 mV,I 最小为 99.84mA,绝对误差为 0.04%和 0.01%硅 电压最小 : 0.5155mV电流 : 100.01*10-6A,绝对误差为0.02% 和 0.01%样品 的电流最小为10.0165mA,绝对误差 0.001%所以数据中只有样品和电偶可以到0,所以整个系统的精度在于这两个数据的测量。且系统较为灵敏 。稳定性 :IPt= (100.30-99.84 )/99.84=0.5%ISi= ( 100.01-100.00) /100.00=0.01%I 样品 = ( 10.173-10.165 ) /10.165=0.08%由此可见系统稳定性较好 。.专业 .整理 .下载可编辑三、 实验收获升温时 :曲线轮廓与降温基本一致 ,但转折点明显提前了 ,原来大致 103K ,而升温时大致80K。 .专业 .整理 .
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