《管理学》专业词汇中英文对照修订docABC.docx

1、管理学专业词汇中英文对照修订docABC第 二 部 分专业词汇中英文对照AAbsenteeism 缺勤，旷工Acceptance of authority 权威的认可Accommodation 顺应（对待冲突的策略）Achievement-oriented leader 成就导向型领导者Acid test ratios 速动比率Acquisition 并购，收购Active listening 积极倾听Activities 活动Adjective rating scales 描述性评分表Affective component of an attitude 态度的情感成分Affirmative

2、action programs 确认行动计划，积极行动方案Age Discrimination in Employment Act 反就业年龄歧视法案Agreeableness 随和Agriculture wave 农业化阶段，农业时代Americans with Disabilities Act 美国人对待残疾法案Analytic decision-making style 分析型决策制定风格Answering questions 回答问题Anthropology 人类学Assaults 袭击，攻击Assertiveness 专断，肯定，强制取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Assumed si

3、milarity 假定相似性Attentional processes 注意过程Attitudes 态度Attribution theory 归因理论Authority 职权，权威Autocratic style of leadership 专制式领导，独裁式领导Autonomy 自主，自主权Availability heuristic 只利用现有信息决策的取巧途径，以易代难倾向Avoidance 回避，规避BBaby boomers 婴儿潮Bargaining strategies 争价策略，谈判策略Barriers to communication 沟通障碍Basic corrective

4、 action 彻底纠错行动Behavioral component of an attitude 态度的行为成分Behavioral science theorists 行为科学理论家Behavioral style of decision making 行为型决策制定风格Behavioral theories of leadership 行为领导理论Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Behavior-related symptoms 行为表征Benchmarking 标杆瞄准，基准化Big five model 五因素模型，

5、大五模型Board representatives 员工代表Body language 身体语言“Boiled frog phenomenon” “煮青蛙现象”Borderless organizations 无边界组织（内部）Boundaryless organization 无界组织Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析Broad-banding 基于员工能力付酬的一种方式Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织Bureaucratic control 行政控制Business evaluati

6、on method 企业评估方法C“Calm waters” metaphor “风平浪静”观Career 职业生涯Centralization 集权，集中Certainty 确定性Chain of command 指挥链Change agent 变革推动者Change 变革，改革，变化Changing economy 变化的经济Channel 渠道，媒介Charismatic leadership theory 魅力型领导理论Civil Rights Act 民权法案Clan control 文化控制Classical approach 经典观念，经典学派Closed system 封闭系统

7、Coach 教练Code of ethics 道德规范Coercive power 强制权力，强制权Cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Collaboration 合作（对待冲突的策略）Combination strategy 组合战略Communication differences 沟通差异Communication process 沟通过程Communications 沟通Compensation 薪酬Compensation administration 薪酬管理Competence 技能

8、，专长，能力，胜任特征Competency-based compensation 基于能力的报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Competitive intelligence 竞争情报Competitive strategy 竞争战略Conceptual skills 概念技能，抽象能力Conceptual style of decision making 概念型决策制定风格Concurrent control 并行控制，同期控制Conflict management 冲突管理Conflict managers 冲突管理者Conflict 冲突Conscientiousn

9、ess 正直，尽责Consideration 关心，关怀Consistency 一贯性Consultants 顾问，咨询者Contingency approach 权变观念，权变学派Contingency theories of leadership 权变领导理论Contingency variable 权变变量Contingent workforce 应急工，临时工Continuous improvement 持续改进，不断改进Contract workers 合同工Control 控制Controlling 控制职能Cooperativeness 合作取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Core

10、 competency 核心能力，核心专长Core employees 核心员工Cost-leadership strategy 成本领先战略Creative-thinking skills 创造思维能力Creativity 创造力Critical incidents 关键事件法Critical path scheduling analysis 关键路径计划分析法Critical path 关键路径Crossword comprehension 填字游戏，纵横字谜理解Current ratio 流动比率Customer departmentalization 按顾客划分部门Customer s

11、ervice 顾客服务Customer-responsive culture 顾客响应文化DData Protection Act 数据保护法案Debt to assets ratio 资产负债率Decentralization 分权，分散Decision criteria 决策准则Decision implementation 决策实施Decision making 决策制定Decision-making process 决策制定过程Decision-making styles 决策风格Decision trees 决策树Decisional entrepreneur 决策方面的创业家角色D

12、ecoding 解码Delegation 授权Democratic style of leadership 民主式领导Democratic-consultative leader 民主咨询式领导者Democratic-participative leader 民主参与式领导者Departmentalization 划分部门，部门化Design 设计Deterrence-based trust 基于威慑的信任Devils advocate 吹毛求疵者Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Direct supervision 直接监督Directional plans 指导性

13、计划Directive leader 指示型领导者Directive style of decision-making 指示型决策制定风格Discipline 纪律Disseminator 传播者Distinctiveness 独特性Distributive bargaining 分配型讨价还价，零和分配争价Disturbance handler 故障排除者Division of labor 劳动分工Downsizing 缩小规模Dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突，不利的冲突Ee-business 电子企业，虚拟企业e-commerce 电子商务Economic or

14、der quantity (EOQ) 经济定货批量Economics 经济学Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Elderly 年长者，老年人Electronic meeting 电子会议E-mail 电子邮件E-manufacturing 电子制造Emotional intelligence (EI) 情商Emotional stability 情绪稳定Emotions 情绪Employee assessment 员工评价Employee assistance programs (EAPs) 员工帮助计划Employee benefits 员工福利Employee co

15、unseling 员工咨询Employee oriented 员工导向的Employee theft 员工偷窃Employee training 员工培训Employment planning 招聘计划，雇佣计划Empowerment skills 赋权技巧Empowerment 赋权Encoding 编码English-only rules 仅使用英语进行交流Entrepreneurs 企业家，创业家Entrepreneurship 创业Environmental scanning 环境扫描e-organization 虚拟组织Equal Pay Act 平等工资法案Equity theor

16、y 公平理论Escalation of commitment 过度承诺Esteem needs 尊重需要Ethics 道德Events 事件Expectancy theory 期望理论Expert power 专家权力，专长权Expert systems 专家系统Expertise 专业知识，专门技术Extinction 消除Extranets 企业外网，广域网Extroversion 外向FFair labor standards Act 公平劳动标准法案Family and Medical Leave Act 家庭和医疗假期法案Federal Electronic Communicatio

17、ns Privacy Act 联邦电子通讯隐私法案Feedback 反馈Feedback control 反馈控制Feedforward control 前馈控制Fiedler contingency leadership model 菲德勒权变领导模型Figurehead 挂名首脑Filtering （信息）过滤First-line managers 基层管理者，一线管理者Fixed-point reordering system 定点定货系统Flexibility 灵活性Flextime 弹性工作时间Focus strategy 集中化战略Forcing 强制（对待冲突的策略）Formal

18、 planning 正式计划Free-market democracies 自由市场经济Functional conflict 有利的冲突Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Future orientation 未来导向GGantt Chart 甘特图Gender differences 性别差异General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Geographic departmentalization 按地区划分部门Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effec

19、tiveness (GLOBE) 全球领导与组织行为效果Global village 地球村Globalization 全球化Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Gossip 流言Grand strategies 总体战略Grapevine 小道消息Great Depression 大萧条Group 群体，小组Group behavior 群体行为Group cohesiveness 群体内聚力，群体凝聚力Group decision making 群体决策Group-order ranking 分组排序法Groupthink 趋同思维Growth strategy 增长战略H

20、Halo effect 晕轮效应Harvesting 收回（投资）Heuristics 取巧途径，倾向Hierarchy of needs theory 需要（求）层次理论Homicide 行凶，杀人Honest 诚实Hostile environment 敌对的环境Human relations view of conflict 冲突的人际观Human resource inventory report 人力资源储备报告Human resource management(HRM) 人力资源管理Humane orientation 人本导向Hygiene factors 保健因素IIdenti

21、fication-based trust 基于认同的信任Ill-structured problems 非结构化问题Immediate corrective action 立即纠错行动Immigration Reform and Control Act 移民改革和控制法案Individual ranking 个人排序法Individualism vs. collectivism 个人主义与集体主义Industrial engineering 工业工程Industrial Revolution 产业革命，工业革命Industrialization wave 工业化阶段，工业时代Informal

22、planning 非正式计划Information handling 信息处理Information overload 信息超载Information technologists 信息技术专家Information technology (IT) 信息技术Information wave 信息化阶段，信息时代Informational monitor 信息方面的监控者角色In-group collectivism 圈内集体主义，圈内合作Initiating structure 定规结构Innovation 创新Integrative bargaining 整合型讨价还价，共赢争价Integri

23、ty 正直Intellectual property 智力资源Interactionist view of conflict 冲突的互动观Intergroup development 团际发展，组际发展Internet 因特网Interpersonal demands 人际需求Interpersonal skills 人际技能Interview 面试，访谈Intranets 企业内网，局域网Intrapreneurs 内企业家，内部创业者Intrinsic task motivation 内在工作动机Inventory turnover ratios 库存周转率ISO 9000 series

24、ISO 9000 系列JJargon 技术用语，行话Job analysis 职务分析，工作分析Job characteristics model (JCM) 职务特征模型，工作特征模型Job description 职务描述，工作描述Job enrichment 职务丰富化，工作丰富化Job involvement 工作投入Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job sharing 职务分担，工作分担（分享）Job specification 职务说明，工作说明Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems 准时制库存系统KKaizen 改善Kanban 看

25、板Karoshi 劳累过度而猝死Knowledge-based trust 基于了解的信任Knowledge management 知识管理Knowledge workers 知识工人LLabor relations 劳工关系Labor supply 劳动力供应Laissez-faire style of leadership 放任式领导Language 语言Layoffs 裁员Layoff-survivor sickness 裁员幸存者心态（综合症）Leader-participation model 领导者参与模型Leaders 领导者Leadership 领导Leading 领导职能Le

26、arning 学习Learning organization s 学习型组织Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Legitimate power 法定权力，法定权Leverage ratios 财务杠杆比率Leverage test 杠杆能力测试Liaison 联络者Line authority 直线职权Linear programming 线性规划Liquidity 流动Liquidity test 流动性测试Load chart 负荷图Locus of control 控制中心，控制点Long-term plans 长期

27、计划Long-term vs. short-term orientation 长期（短期）倾向Loyalty 忠心，忠诚MMachiavellianism (“Mach”) 马基雅维里主义Management 管理Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动管理Management charter initiative (MCI) 管理宪章运动（英国研究管理能力的组织）Management competencies 管理能力Management processes 管理过程，管理职能Manag

28、ement science 管理科学Management workshop 管理研讨与实践Managerial grid 管理方格Managerial roles 管理者角色Managers 管理者，经理Mandatory Retirement Act 强制退休法案Manufacturing organization 生产企业，制造企业Market control 市场控制Mass production 大量生产Matrix structure 矩阵制组织结构Measurement 度量，衡量Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Merger 兼并Message 消息，信

29、息Middle managers 中层管理者Minimum-wage employees 最低工资员工Mission statement 使命陈述Motivation 动机，激励Motivation-hygiene theory 激励保健理论，双因素理论Motivators 激励因素Motor reproduction process 机械再现过程，动力复制过程Multinational corporations (MNCs) 多国公司Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 迈耶布里格斯类型指标NNational culture 民族文化National Labor Relations Act 全国劳工关系法案Need 需要Need for achievement 成就需要Need for affiliation 归属需要Need for power 权力需要Negative reinforcement 负强化Negotiation 谈判Negotiator 谈判者Networked communication capabiliti