届二轮复习语法专项定语从句教案.docx

1、届二轮复习语法专项定语从句教案定语从句学案十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷具有重要的应试性和导向性。三观指的观三题（观母题、观平行题、观扇形题），一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰（调整不考或低频考点标灰色）。（一）2020考纲考点2020考纲要求（1）限制性定语从句的用法（2）非限制性定语从句的用法（二）本节考向题型研究汇总题型考向考点/考向2020考纲要求语法填空（1）在具体语篇中，综合考查定语从句的相关知识短文改错（2）在具体语篇中，综合

2、考查定语从句的相关知识单项填空（3）在语境中，考查定语从句的相关知识2014年前考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点1-限制性定语从句的用法）1.（2018全国I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】 that which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a s

3、tudy是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。2.（2015全国卷）Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。3.（2014新课标全国卷）M

4、aybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy.【答案】that/which【解析】也许你有一个使你的家人发疯的习惯。这里habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。1.【2019新课标III卷】They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解

5、析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。2.【2019浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。3.【2019北京卷】The students benefitting most

6、from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。4.【2018全国II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government starte

7、d a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。1.【2018浙江卷】Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than

8、in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】who/that【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。2.2015广东卷When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.【答案

9、】where 【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。3.【2013广东卷】Nicks guests,_ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.【答案】who【解析】考查相连接代词词的用法，分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，why为定语从句的引导词，表人。句意为：Nick的朋友们碰巧听到了他们的的谈话，他们问为什么父子俩能买到更便宜的盐，却不那么做呢。4.2012广

10、东卷Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _ made her feel like a star.【答案】which【解析】考查关系词的用法。引导一个非限制性定语从句作主语，代替前面的整个句子，所以用which。考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1who，whom，whose引导的定语从句Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。T

11、he man (who/whom) you met just now is called Jim.你刚才遇见的那个人叫吉姆。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。考点总结1who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。2whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。2that，

12、which引导的定语从句ChinaToday attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.当到了最后决定课程的时候

13、，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人都工作更努力。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the book which you are looking for.这正是你在找的那本书。He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that c

14、ountry.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。考点总结1that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。2which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。3下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词

15、被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。The reason why

16、I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。考点总结1先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，si

17、tuation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。考点三“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around u

18、s.研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)考点总结

19、1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。(3)有时“介词where”可以引

20、导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。考点四as，which引导的定语从句The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。It is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.这真是一个

21、令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学考试老师出了一道很难的数学题，没有一个人能解出来。I would like to use the same

22、 tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天用的那种工具。I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天用的那件工具。考点总结1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整

23、句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5“the same.that.”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表示同种类的人或物。考点五way和time后接定语从句的情况What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The wayhe explained to us was quite simple

24、.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。Its not the first time (that) youve found yourself in this situation.你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject.曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。考点总结1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是

25、当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点2-非限制性定语从句的用法）1.（2017全国卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知whic

26、h is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。2.（2016全国新课标I）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation

27、 in the wild. 【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。 2017浙江卷6月考Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.【答案】where【解析】考查

28、定语从句。此处先行词是the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。1.【2019新课标II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。2.2017全国卷But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows a

29、long with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。考向题型研究二：短文改错（考点-定语从句相关知识的误用

30、）1.【2019新课标I卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。2.【2018全国I】They also had a small pond which they rais

31、ed fish.【答案】They also had a small pond they raised fish.【解析】which改成in which或where 考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。故用in which或where。1.【2019新课标III卷】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoy themselvesinthehistorical