英语网考语法总复习.docx

1、英语网考语法总复习英语网考语法总复习动词的时态英语共有16种时态，根据考卷分析， 时态测试重点主要有：完成时态-现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态-现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。 一、一般时态1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词 usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。例如： 1）The moon moves round the earth. 2）Mr. S

2、mith travels to work by bus every day. （2）在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1）I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2）I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. （3）某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、

3、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave 等。例如： 1）The plane leaves at three sharp. 2）The new teachers arrive tomorrow. （4）在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1）Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2）Youll probably be in the same train as I

4、am tomorrow. 2一般过去时 （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1）He always went to class last. 2）I used to do my homework in the library. （注意与be used to doing短语的区别） 3一般将来时 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall

5、 graduate next year. 2）几种替代形式： 1）be going to v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2）be to v表示计划安排要做的事，具有必要的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3）be about to v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4）be due to v表示预先确定了的事， 必定发生的事。例如： The train is due

6、 to depart in ten minutes. 5）be on the point/verge of v - ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态1现在进行时 （1）表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如： Dont disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. （2）表示

7、现阶段经常发生的动作， 常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. （3）表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. （4）有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示感觉，感情，存在，从属等的动词。如：see，hear，

8、smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，（表示感觉的词）；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive（表示感情的动词）；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain（表示存在状态的动词）；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form（表示占有与从属的动词）；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember（表示思考理解的动词）。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如： 1）Tom lo

9、oks pale. Whats wrong with him? （look 在此为联系动词，意为显得，看上去） 2）Tom is looking for his books. （look 在此为实义动词，意为寻找） 2 过去进行时过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如： 1）We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2）Whenever I visited him, he was alwa

10、ys writing at the desk. 3 将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1）This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2）What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4 完成进行时（现在、过去、将来）完成进行时是（现在、过去、将来）完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。三、完成时态完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为： 1 现在完成时 （1）现在

11、完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作（常与yet，already，just连用），或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since连用）。例如： 1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. （2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning,

12、 month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1）I havent been there for five years. 2）So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978. （3）完成时态可用在下列结构中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second.) time 定语从句；This (That, It) is (was)

13、the only (last) n 定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) 形容词最高级 n 定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： （1）This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. （2）There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me tha

14、t evening.2 过去完成时（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （2）动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期

15、、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示过去想做而未做的事的表达方式是： 1）was / were to have done sth, 例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2）intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) to have done sth, 例如： I

16、 meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. （3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1）hardly, scarcely, barely 过去完成时 when 过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2）no sooner 过去完成时 than 过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3）by (the end of ) 过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。The exp

17、eriment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. 3将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) 表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) 表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1）By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2）I s

18、hall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 3）When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.4 完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 （1）现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. （

19、2）过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. （3）将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.英语网考语法总复习英语倒装句的几种情况1. 某些副词 不及物动词 主语的句

20、式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。Out rushed the boy . Down came the brown wave . 2. 表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。West of the lake lies the famous city . 3. There be 主语 地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。There are many different kinds of mooncakes on th

21、e table . There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle . 4. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。Lets go ! said the captain . Take off your boots ! ordered the guard . 5. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big crowd of people

22、 . 6. 用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为也怎么样。另外，在结果状语从句句型so that 中，如果强调so放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she . 我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。So excited was she at the news that she couldnt say a word .听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。7. 用于nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，也不怎么样。Li Lei cant answer the

23、 question . Neither can I . If you dont wait for him , nor shall I . 8. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。Only in this way can we get in touch with them . Only because he was ill was he absent from school . 注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。Only Mr Wang knows about it . 9. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：

24、not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly when , no sooner than 等。Little did I think he is a spy . 我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain . No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang . 10. 在虚拟语气

25、中，倒装代替条件。 Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem . Were there no light , we could see nothing . 11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live France ! 法兰西万岁！电大英语网考语法总复习非谓语动词非谓语动词指不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。I 动词不定式作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：afford, agr

26、ee, ask, attempt, bet, bother, begin, cease, claim, decline, demand, desire, dislike, expect, hasten, hate, hope, learn, decide, seem, intend, try, hesitate, permit, refuse, manage, order, compel, persuade, tend, fail, consent, choose, forget, mean, pledge, pretend, promise, seek, refuse, struggle,

27、threaten, venture, volunteer, wait, wish 等。例如：He managed to pass the exam.He persuaded me to accept the invitation.He promised to be here at nine.I didnt expect to see you here.在某些复合宾语中，常先用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：He considered it better to leave now.I found it impossible to finish the work on time.作定语

28、（常置于名词之后）。由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词或代词的的宾语 (ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wi

29、sh) 例如:She is always the first student to arrive at school.He is always the last one to leave the office.I dont think he is the best man to do the job.I have no desire to travel.Youll find something to interest you here.There is no need to bother him with such trifles.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的

30、动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。例如：I havent decided which hotel to stay at.I found no one to play with.不定式常用于修饰下列形容词: able, afraid, angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, rel

31、uctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.Water is unfit to drink.French is difficult to learn. He is reluctant to agree with me.Im sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：When to start has not been decided.The problem is how to