春长沙市一中高二寒假自主学习Unit 2Period Two名师docx.docx

1、春长沙市一中高二寒假自主学习Unit 2 Period Two名师docxPeriod TwoWelcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage points.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分) 1needle n针，针头；指针2surgeon n外科医师3lifesaving adj.救命的，救生的4cupboard n橱柜；食物柜；衣柜5chew vt.& vi.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃6acid n酸，酸性物质 adj.酸的，酸性的；酸味的；尖酸的7tablet n药片；丸；牌，匾，碑8bestselling adj.畅销的9unable ad

2、j.不能，无法10sickness n疾病；恶心，呕吐.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)11chemist n.药剂师，药商；化学家chemistry n化学chemical adj.化学的 n化学制品12revolution n巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行13counter n柜台；计数器；反驳 vt.反驳；抵制，抵消count v数数，计算；依靠14beneficial adj.有益的；有用的benefit v对有益；得益于 n益处15possess vt.拥有，具有possession n个人财产；拥有，具有16vital adj.对极重要的，必不可

3、少的17potential n可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的，可能的potentially adv.潜在地，可能地18circulate vi.& vt.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅circulation n循环；传播19abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的(反义词)normal adj.正常的；平常的20astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊astonishing adj.令人惊讶的astonished adj.感到惊讶的astonishment n惊讶21application n应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷apply vt.& vi.申请；应用；涂抹appl

4、icant n申请人22effective adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的effect n影响；效果23approval n批准，通过；赞成，同意approve v批准，通过；赞成，同意24accelerate vt.& vi.(使)加速，加快acceleration n加快；增进25bleed vi.流血，失血blood n血，血液.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分)26focus on集中于；专注于27open up打开；开拓28millions of数百万的29in the form of以形式30carry out实施；执行31try ou

5、t测试，试验；参加选拔32in large quantities大量地33due to因为；由于34pick out认出，辨别出；挑选35by accident偶然地.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)36Have you ever seen a doctor? If so，what happened?你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事？37.it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.你很可能会发现阿司匹林和青霉素。38Nearly 3,500 years ago，people chewed on leav

6、es or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing(possess) a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.将近3 500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。39Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.

7、阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。40If penicillin had not been available，many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至很小的伤口。重点词汇 Both of these medicines have saved millions of peoples lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.这两种药自问世以来已挽救了数

8、百万人的生命，并且已被证明对人类是有益的。 beneficial adj.有益的；有用的be beneficial to对有益benefit v使受益；得益于 n益处benefit from从中受益be of benefit to对有益的(be beneficial to)for sb.s benefitfor the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益；为帮助某人(1)We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.我们应该把这笔钱花在对每个人都有益的事上。(2)I have done it for

9、his benefit.I have done it for the benefit of him.我为了帮助他才做的那件事。一句多译(3)新政策将会对当地的村民有好处。The new policy will be beneficial to the local villagers.(beneficial)The new policy will be of benefit to the local villagers.(benefit n)The new policy will benefit the local villagers.(benefit v)The local villagers

10、 will get benefit from the new policy.(benefit n)The local villagers will benefit from the new policy.(benefit v) Nearly 3，500 years ago，people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.将近3 500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的

11、茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。 possess vt.拥有，具有；支配，控制be possessed of具有某种品质(或特征)possession nU拥有；pl个人财产have/get/gain/take possession of占有；拥有in possession of拥有in the possession of sb.为某人所有(1)A sense of fear possessed him as he walked into the old house.他走进那所老房子时感到非常恐惧。(2)She is a charming lady，possessed(possess) of goo

12、d health and clever intelligence.她是一位拥有健康的体魄和聪明才智的有魅力的女士。一句多译(3)据说这个公司归一个年轻的外国人所有。It is said that the company is in the possession of a young foreigner.(possession)It is said that a young foreigner is in possession of the company.(possession) Lawrence Craven，a doctor from the USA，introduced the idea

13、 in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks.美国医生劳伦斯克雷文在1953年提出了一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险 potential n可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的，可能的realize ones potential发挥某人的潜能have the potential to do sth.有潜力做某事have the potential for (doing) sth.有(做)某事的可能性/潜在性a potential career 未来的职业potent

14、ial resources潜在资源potentially adv.可能地(1)The disease is a potential killer for children.这种病对孩子们来说是个潜在的杀手。(2)As a student，you still havent realized your potential.作为一名学生，你还没有把潜能发挥出来。(3)He has the potential to become(become) a worldclass musician.他有潜力成为一名世界级的音乐家。(4)The company has the potential for grow

15、th.那家公司有发展潜力。单句改错(5)Sunburn is painful and dangerous.and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes，as well.并且在1977年，美国进行的一项研究表明阿司匹林也能预防中风。 carry out执行，实行；实施carry on继续；坚持carry sth.through成功完成；顺利实现carry sb.through帮某人渡过难关carry off赢得；获得(奖品)；夺走；成功地对付(1)He moved to L

16、ondon to carry on his research.他搬到伦敦继续他的研究。(2)It was your kindness that carried me through.正是你的仁慈帮我渡过了难关。(3)The project was carried out by a local company.这个项目是由当地一家公司实施的。(4)The young player carried off the first prize yesterday.昨天这位年轻的运动员夺得了一等奖。 It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the

17、 mould dead.令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了 astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astonished adj.感到惊讶的be astonished at对感到惊讶be astonished to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶astonishing adj.令人惊讶的astonishment n惊讶to ones astonishment令某人惊讶的是in/with astonishment惊奇地；惊愕地，惊讶地(1)What astonished me was that he refused to help.令我十分惊讶的是他拒绝帮忙。(2)I was asto

18、nished to see so many people there.看到如此多的人在那儿，我很吃惊。(3)He looked at me in/with astonishment.他惊奇地望着我。句型转换(4)He didnt pass the exam，which made us astonished.To our astonishment，he didnt pass the exam.(astonishment)What made us astonished was that he didnt pass the exam.(astonished)That he didnt pass th

19、e exam astonished us.(astonish) Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。 try out试验，试用；检验try out for参加的选拔try on试穿(衣物等)try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.试着做某事try ones best to do sth.尽全力去做某事(1)Try doing the things you

20、used to enjoy，such as reading or taking a walk in the park.尝试去做一些你过去很享受的事，比如阅读或者到公园去散步。(2)He tries his best to help the poor and is respected by them.他尽全力去帮助穷人，并赢得了他们的尊敬。(3)Im trying out a new computer.我在试用一台新电脑。(4)Look at the beautiful trousers，what about trying them on?看这条漂亮的裤子，试穿一下怎么样？ He immedia

21、tely realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.他立刻想到可以把这种霉应用到治疗由细菌引起的疾病上。 application n应用，运用；申请(表)；涂抹，外敷apply v申请；适用；应用，运用；涂，敷；专心致志apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物apply to适用于apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于，专心于(做)某事apply.to.把运用于applicant n申请人；应征者(1)Th

22、e application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production usually increases efficiency.把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上通常可以提高效率。(2)We received ten applications for the job.我们收到了10份申请此工作的申请表。(3)The new rule was applied to imported cars.这条新规定被运用于进口车上。单句改错(4)You have to apply a passport in advance.(5)He deci

23、ded to apply himself to French. Second，it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.第二，难以生产出足量的青霉素以产生药效。 effective adj.有效的；实际的；生效的effect n影响；效果have an effect on对有影响come into effect生效；开始实行put.into effect使生效affect v影响(1)One of the most effective ways to reduce

24、stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。 (2)The drug may affect your power of concentration.这种药可能会影响你的注意力的集中。(3)The new law will come into effect at the start of September.新的法令将在九月初开始生效。选词填空effect，affect(4)It is said that parents quarrel can affect their ch

25、ilds health.(5)The plan for protecting the endangered animals will soon be put into effect.In 1940，two other scientists，Howard Florey(Australian)and Ernst Chain(Germanborn English)，helped solve these problems，and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.在1940年，另外两名科学家，澳大利亚人霍华德弗洛里和德裔

26、英国人恩斯特钱恩帮助解决了这些问题，并设法大批量地制造和试验这种新药。 in large quantities大量地quantities of名词，谓语动词，用复数，意为“许多”。a quantity of(1)Buy vegetables in large quantities，and youll be given a very good discount.大批量购买蔬菜，你会得到非常好的折扣。(2)Large quantities of carbon dioxide are released into the air.A large quantity of carbon dioxide i

27、s released into the air.大量的二氧化碳被排放到空气中。单句改错(3)As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert covered the land. Since the new drug was needed for World War，the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated，and mass production began in 1944.因为第二次世界大战需要青霉素这种新药，政府批准程序得以加快，

28、并于1944年开始大批量生产。 approval n赞成；批准，通过meet with/win/earn/get ones approval得到某人的同意give ones approval to sth.批准/同意某事on approval (商品)供试用，包退包换approve v赞成，同意；批准approve of赞成，同意注意：approve表示“赞成；同意”时，是不及物动词，表示“赞成某人做某事”应用approve of sb./sb.s doing sth.。(1)I hope my suggestions will meet with/win/earn/get your appr

29、oval.希望您能赞成我的建议。(2)Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.她父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。(3)Mr Grey bought his camera on approval.格雷先生买的这部照相机包退包换。单句改错(4)My father told me that he didnt approve my leaving school this year.Due to the widespread use of penicillin，many lives were saved during the war.正因为青

30、霉素的广泛应用，战争期间很多生命得以挽救。 due to由于，因为；归功于；应属于due adj.应付的；应给的；适当的；预期的；到期的be due to do sth.预期/预定要做某事be due for sth.期望得到某物表示“由于”的词组还有：owing to由于because of因为；由于as a result of由于thanks to多亏；由于on account of由于，因为(1)In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates.在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长。(2)The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.他应得的工资明天付给他。(3)The meeting isnt due to start until three.会议预计直到3点才开始。一词多义写出下列句子中due的汉语意思(4)Im due fifteen days holiday.应有的，应得的(5)The meeting is due tomorrow.预期的，预定的(6)Please make sure yo