09年高考英语专题复习完形填空教案.docx

1、09年高考英语专题复习完形填空教案2009届高三英语专题复习之完形填空部分【专题讲解】 完形填空的四个显著特点1.短文特点 以故事性较强的记叙文或者夹叙夹议的文体为主，篇幅在300以内，难度低于阅读理解中的短文。一般来讲，故事类文段情节多有曲折，结尾出人意料，常常是幽默所在，“包袱”所在；议论类文段结构严谨，层次分明，语句中有较多的“对仗”现象。2. 设空特点 短文的第一句通常不设空。考生通过它可以迅速确定文章的话题和故事发生的背景，把握文章的发展方向。3. 选项特点 同一题的四个选项均属于同一词类或同一语法形式，而且往往都和设空前后的单词形成某种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性，其区别

2、在于语境意义的不同。有时单独看那一句，可能用哪个选项都正确，没有语法错误，但根据文章的整体理解和上下文语境却只有一个语义正确的选项。4. 语境特点 语境就是指上下文，若空格的答案由上文决定叫前制性设空，空格的答案由下文决定叫后制性设空，空格的答案需要综合上下文而定的则为语篇性设空，高考完形填空通常以后制性设空为主。语境型设空可分为三个层次：句子层次，空格的答案由所处的那一个句子决定；句组层次，空格的答案由相邻不远的一组句子决定；语篇层次，空格的答案由语篇内容综合决定。高考完形填空按句组层次和语篇层次设空的题居多，这种设题方式体现了“突出语篇”的命题思路。 完形填空的八个常考考点1. 考查语法规

3、则考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。如：On May 27, 1995, our life was suddenly changed. It happened a few minutes past three, 36 my husband, Chris, fell from his horse(江苏)36. A. since B. before C. when D. while因a few minutes past three是“我丈夫”从马上掉下来的时间，应是定语从句的先行词，所以用when引导定语从句，正确选项是C。2. 考查固定

4、搭配考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配，句式结构的固定搭配等等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。： The former 37 every possible effort to avoid being discoveredIt was not long 50 a customer who had seen him arrive hurried in to inform him. (重庆)37. A. do B. take C. make D. try50. A. whenB. afterC. until D. bef

5、ore因make every effort(尽力)是固定词组，It was not long before(不久以后就)是固定句式，所以这两题的正确选项分别是C和D。3. 考查词语辨析考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。几个选项的词性相同，意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。如：Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had 36 th

6、em in the race to be the first ever to reach it.(辽宁)36. A. hitB. foughtC. wonD. beaten由第一句的disappointed可知，挪威人已经“胜过了”Scott和他的同伴，很易排除选项A和B；而其余两个选项都有“胜过”之意，这就要求我们知道它们之间的细微差别：win的宾语通常是比赛、奖品或荣誉等，而beat的宾语则是竞赛或竞争的对手；所以正确选项是D。4. 考查行文逻辑考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯

7、等逻辑关系的词语，必须弄清句子前后的逻辑关系，才可作出正确选择。如：You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You arent a soldier. You arent 36 carrying a gun. Youre standing in front of (湖北)36. A. simplyB. reallyC. merelyD. even因为

8、第36空这句话与前句是递进关系，“你不是士兵，甚至连枪也没有带”，所以正确选项是D。5. 考查经验常识考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。如：But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 45 . (北京)A. speakingB. movingC. sleepingD. breathing跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历，所以正确选项是D。6. 考查文章结构 考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。如：First of all, I respected h

9、is devotion to teaching 43 , I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.(全国)43. A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore本文的写作结构很清楚：开篇点题难忘的哲学教授；诸条陈述何以难忘：前有First of all提起, 后有Finally落脚，那么中间只有用Secondly来过渡了，所以正确

10、选项是B。7. 考查逻辑推理考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。如：The Greek myth that explains why there are changes of seasons is about Demeter, the goddess of the harvest. She had a daughter, Persephone, whom she loved very much. Hades, god of the underworld, fell in love with Persephone, and he asked Zeus, the

11、37 of the gods, to give Persephone to him as his wife. Zeus did not want either to disappoint Hades or to upset Demeter, so(广东)37. A. winner B. ruler C. advisor D. fighter冥王海地斯(Hades)要求宙斯(Zeus)把农业女神得墨忒耳(Demeter)的女儿珀尔塞福涅Persephone赐给(give)他做妻子，谁能行使如此大权？不难推知，只有众神之统领(rule)了，所以正确选项是B。8. 考查前后语境考查考生根据上下文提供

12、的信息进行分析及推理的能力。高考的完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。如：One afternoon, I was out exploringand saw a new kind of cactus (仙人掌). I crouched (蹲) down for a closer look. “Youd better not 47 that.” (湖南)I turned around to see an old woman.“Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? So

13、meone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.”47. A. move B. dig C. pull D. touch此题若不读到最后一段的最后一句的最后一个单词，很难选出正确选项D来。 完形填空的三个解题原则根据近年完形填空题的特点，要正确解答完形填空题，我们必须遵循下列三项原则。(1)上下求索寻信息。有的空格的提示信息很可能在文章的后面出现；有的空格的提示信息也可能在前面出现；有的空格的提示信息在前面和后面都有出现，需要综合起来考虑。(2)左顾右盼找搭配。答题时，眼睛不能只盯在空格上或盯在一个句子上，一定要

14、“左顾右盼”，弄清前后的固定搭配。(3)思前想后通全文。选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中是可以的，而且要在全文中讲得通。但在具体的解答过程中，还需要从以下几个方面加以关注。 完形填空的四个解题步骤(1) 通读全文，理解大意。因为高考的完形填空题以后制性设空和语境设空为主，所以千万不要看一句填一空。而要首先利用首句，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，了解故事发展情节，然后再进行试填。这是做好完形填空的前提，万万不可省略。如：In Renee Smiths classroom, attendance is up, trips to the headmasters off

15、ice are down and students are handing in assignments on time. The Springfield High School teacher says she has seen great _(65)_since adding a few new students to her classfive Labrador puppies and their father. (上海)65. A. promotion B. progress C. disturbance D. disappointment 解析:从首句可知，作者直截了当的给考生交待了

16、所要叙述的事情的结果：在Renee Smith 的班上，听课的学生人数增多了，违纪的人数减少了。分析65空可知，该句是从正面的角度阐述了导致这一结果的原因，同时又是下文所陈述内容的总结句。故选B。 (2) 瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。 (3) 复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空白，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。我们根据短文中句与句，段与段的逻

17、辑关系进行判断，采用排除法逐步缩小范围，最终得出所有答案等方法。对于实在无从下手的个别题目，我们则完全可以凭语感来确定：把几个选项逐一放在空格内念两遍，哪个念起来顺口、舒服就选哪个。如： Ive _50_to tell every girl I know to do something that people dont think girls can do. Its part of being human to advance to new _51_, so shouldnt it be expected that girls should step up and start _52_ the

18、 limits of things boys and men used to dominate(主宰). (北京) 50. A. chosen B. tried C. learned D. promised 51. A. levels B. points C. steps D. parts 52. A. reading B. accepting C. pushing D. setting解析： 从语法角度看， 50题的四个选项都正确， 但从上下句子之间的语境及逻辑角度推测，只有B才能说出作者当时的心理状态。51题为四个名词，与上下文的似乎没有多大关系，只有根据作者的心理活动句意的推断，方可做出

19、正确选择，说明女孩能做人们认为不能做的事，这是人们应该达到的一种新的思想境界（水平），故选A。 52题是较难的一个小题，考生只有通过分析本句句意，经过认真推敲，才能选出pushing the limits of things意为“摆脱男人们过去主宰的事情的限制”， 故选C。(4) 再次复读，弥补疏漏 全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己的选择答案重新阅读短文内容, 注意围绕文章中心，查看文章内容是否通顺、结构是否完整、搭配是否有误等，切忌死抠语法或断章取义。要着眼于全局，从宏观上考虑。【巩固练习】Ex 1 BRITISH newspapers are among the oldest and mos

20、t famous in the world. 1 recently big changes have seen these traditional publications try to 2 the modern world. After 216 years, The Times has halved its 3 to become much smaller. In fact, the paperhas 4 its size in half from a broadsheet to tabloid. In Britain the newspaper market is 5 between th

21、e larger broadsheets and the smaller tabloids. These terms 6 the size of the papers pages but there is also a clear 7 in content. Broadsheets such as The Times, the Guardian and Daily Telegraph are 8 papers. They cover a broad range of political, economic and international issues. Their stories are

22、also 9 long and use quite formal language. Tabloids have far more stories about 10 seri- ous issues such as celebrities love lives. Their stories are shorter and use more simple language. Tabloids of-ten have bigger pictures. Britains 11 newspaper, the Sun, is a tabloid and has a naked 12 on page th

23、ree every day. By 13 to the size of a tabloid, The Times is following in the footsteps of a less 14 broadsheet paper the Independent. 15 changed to tabloid last year and saw its sales increase 16 . Although both papers have 17 to the smaller size, the content of the papers has 18 the same. They are

24、both still se-rious papers. The two papers claim that people 19 the smaller size easier to handle when they travel to work on the bus or the train in the morning. 20 says its new size is compact, not tabloid.1. A. Then B. So C. And D. But2. A. match B. suit C. fit D. change3. A. length B. size C. wi

25、dth D. thickness4. A. cut B. added C. enlarged D. printed5. A. devided B. separated C. arranged D. marked6. A. turn into B. refer to C. think about D. connect with7. A. meaning B. mark C. difference D. sign8. A. old B. interesting C. modern D. serious9. A. possibly B. especially C. reasonably D. not

26、10. A. more B. less C. even D. quite11. A. best-selling B. good-looking C.slow-moving D. ugly-looking12. A. line B. page C. paragraph D. edition13. A. going B. getting C. changing D. coming14. A. important B. welcoming C. helpful D. famous15. A. It B. This C. That D. They16. A. slowly B. greatly C.

27、little D. usually17. A. halved B. made C. switched D. cut18. A. become B. found C. left D. remained19. A. find B. hope C. expect D. agree20. A. The Independent B. The Times C. The Guardion D. Daily TelegraphEx. 2 The half-empty coffee cups, still standing next to their plates, tell of a morning like

28、 any other. And yet, that grey covering of dust that everything 1 tells a different story: it tells of screams, tears, terror and 2 . Now the restaurant in the World Trade Center will 3 again serve breakfast. And never again will all those people go there to eat or 4 . So many people whose faces we

29、associate with life and liveliness are gone 5 . So many words remain 6 , and so much happiness has been destroyed. In their places are tear-stained faces. My generation has seen this. On Monday, a fight with my sister, a bad grade and homework 7 to be the biggest problems in the world. Tonight, so m

30、any across the country know that Americas pain is at its 8 ever. We have 9 World WarBut to most of us students, thats an event on a textbook 10 that would never happen today. After all, this was a time of 11 and wealththe United States was powerful and successful. There would be no more wars, and we

31、 were 12 to live in such a time. But when those planes 13 ; when firefighters with 14 on their faces ran among the parts of the building that had fallen; when people 15 for their family members; when history was unfolding before our eyes, in full, clear color-then we knew the world had been changed. 16 how many human beings turned to ashes in a second, and seeing some jump from the buildings, I know that my generation is growing up in a world