最新医学英语解剖学.docx

1、最新医学英语解剖学医学英语解剖学解剖学1.呼吸系统 respiratory system鼻 nose 鼻腔 nasal cavity鼻旁窦 paranasal sinus 喉 larynx甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage 环状软骨 cricoid cartilage 主支气管bronchi 肺 lung 胸膜 pleura纵隔 mediastinum 气管trachea2.心血管系统心 heart 动脉 artery静脉 vein 毛细血管 capillary体循环 great circulation 肺循环 lesser circulation ( pulmonary circu

2、lation)心底 cardiac base 心尖 cardiac apex右心房 right atrium 右心耳 right auricle上腔静脉口 orifice of superior vena cava 下腔静脉口 orifice of inferior vena cava冠状窦口 open of coronary sinus 梳状肌pectineus m.右心室 right ventricle 室上嵴 supraventricular crest右房室口 right atrioventricular orifice三尖瓣tricuspid valve腱索 tendinous co

3、rd 乳头肌 papillary muscle肺动脉口 pulmonary orifice 肺动脉瓣 pulmonary valve左心房 left atrium 左心室 left ventricle左房室口left atrioventricular orifice 二尖瓣 bicuspid valve主动脉口 aortic orifice 主动脉瓣 aortic 心内膜 endocardium 心外膜epicardium心肌层 myocardium房间隔 interatrial septum 室间隔 interventricular septum心传导系统 conduction system

4、 of the heart窦房结 sinoatrial node 房室结 atrioventricular node房室束 atrioventricular bundle 蒲肯野纤维Purkinje fiber左冠状动脉left coronary artery. 冠状窦 coronary sinus心包 pericardium 肺动脉干 pulmonary (artery) trunk主动脉 aorta 动脉 artery静脉 vein 主动脉升部 asscending part of aorta主动脉弓arch of the aorta 头臂干brachiocephalic trunk颈总动

5、脉 common carotid artery. 颈动脉窦 carotid sinus颈内动脉 internal carotid artery. 颈外动脉 external carotid artery.锁骨下动脉 subclavian artery. 肱动脉 brachial artery.桡动脉 radial artery. 胸主动脉 thoracic part of aorta 腹主动脉 abdominal part of aorta 肝总动脉 common hepatic a.胃-十二指肠动脉gastroduodenal a. 脾动脉 splenic a.胃网膜右动脉right gas

6、troepiploic肠系膜上动脉 superior mesenteric a.肠系膜下动脉 inferior mesenteric a.髂总动脉common iliac a. 脐动脉 umbilical a.足背动脉 dorsal pedal a. 肺静脉 pulmonary v.上腔静脉 superior vena cava 锁骨下静脉 subclavian v.头静脉 cephalic v. 贵要静脉 basilic v.肘正中静脉 median cubital v. 奇静脉 azygos v.毛细淋巴管 capillary lymphatic 淋巴管 lymphatic vessel淋

7、巴干 lymphatic trunk 胸导管 thoracic duct淋巴结lymph node 脾spleen胸腺 thymus 3.消化系统 digestive system口 腔 oral cavity口唇oral lips腭 palate牙釉质 enamdentine舌 tongue口腔腺oral gland腮腺 parotid gland下颌下腺 submandibular舌下腺 sublingual glang咽 pharynx腭扁桃体palatine tonsil食管 esophagus 胃 stomach十二指肠 duodenum 小肠 small intestine 空肠j

8、ejunum 回肠 ileum 盲肠 cecum 大肠large intestine阑尾 vermiform appendix横结肠 transverse colon 升结肠 ascending colon 降结肠 descending colon乙状结肠 sigmoid colon 直肠 rectum肝 liver 胆囊 gall bladder胆总管 common bile duct 胰 pancreas腹膜 peritoneum 小网膜 lesser omentum大网膜 greater omentum 系膜 mesentery韧带 ligament 4.泌尿系统urinary syst

9、em肾 kidneys 输尿管 ureter膀胱 urinary bladder 尿道 urethra5.生殖系统睾丸testis 附睾 epididymis输精管 ductus deferens 精索 spermatic cord精囊腺 seminal vesicle 前列腺 prostate尿道球腺 bulbo-urethral gland 阴茎 penis阴囊 scrotum 男性尿道 male urethra卵巢ovaries 输卵管 uterine tube子宫 uterus 阴道 vagina乳房 breast 会阴 Perineum6.内分泌系统下丘脑 hypothalamus

10、垂体 hypophysis松果体 pineal body 甲状腺 thyroid gland甲状旁腺 parathyroid glands 肾上腺 suprarenal glands胰岛 islets of Pancreas 7.视听器 眼球eye ball 角膜cornea巩膜 sclera 虹膜 iris睫状体 cililary body 脉络膜 choroid视网膜 retina 视神经乳头 optic nerve disc房水 humor aqueous 晶状体 lens玻璃体 vitreous body 眼睑 eyelids结膜 conjunctiva 泪器 lacrimal app

11、aratus泪腺 lacrimal gland 泪小管 lacrimal canaliculus泪囊 lacrimal sac 或dacryocyst 鼻泪管 nasolacrimal canal眼动脉 ophthalmic artery 视网膜中央动脉 central artery of retina耳廓 auricle 外耳道 external acoustic meatus鼓膜 tympanic membrane 中耳 middle ear咽鼓管 pharyngo-tympanic tube 内耳 internal ear骨迷路 bony labyrinth 耳蜗 cochlea前庭 v

12、estibule 骨半规管 bony semicircular canals膜迷路 membranous labyrinth 膜半规管 membranous semicircular canals蜗管cochlear duct 内耳道 internal acoustic meatus8.神经系统nervous system 神经元 neuron 树突 dendrite突触 synapse 感觉神经元 sensory neuron神经胶质 neuroglia 运动神经元 motor neuron反射 reflex 白质 white substance反射弧 reflex arc 灰质 gray

13、substance皮质 cortex 髓质 medulla神经核 nucleus 神经节 ganglion纤维传导束 tract 网状结构 reticular formation周围神经系统 peripheral nervous system脊神经 spinal nerve 正中神经 median nerve尺神经 ulnar nerve 桡神经 radial nerve肋间神经 intercostals nerve 嗅神经 olfactory nerve视神经 optic nerve 动眼神经 oculomotor nerve睫状神经节 ciliary ganglion 滑车神经trochl

14、ear nerve三叉神经 trigeminal nerve 眼神经 ophthalmic nerve 上颌神经 maxillary nerve 下颌神经 mandibular nerve展神经 abducent nerve 面神经 facial nerve前庭蜗神经 vestibulocochlear nerve 舌咽神经 glossopharyngeal nerves迷走神经 vagus nerves 副神经 accessory nerves舌下神经 hypoglossal nerves 脊髓 spinal cord 脑干 brain stem延髓 medulla oblongata 脑桥

15、 pons cerebelli中脑 midbrain 第四脑室 fourth ventricle锥体束 pyramidal tract 锥体外系 extrapyramidal system小脑 cerebellum 间脑 diencephalon下丘脑 hypothalamus 第三脑室 third ventricleVentricle 室,小室,心室,脑室大脑(端脑) cerebrum (telencephalon) 基底核 basal nuclei内囊 internal capsule 侧脑室lateral ventricle硬脊膜 spinal dura mater 硬脑膜 cerebral dura mater蛛网膜 arachnoid membrane 软膜 pia mater 血脑屏障 blood-brain barrier 脑脊液 cerebrospinal fluid交感神经 sympathetic nerve 副交感神经 parasympathetic nerve