中考广州英语阅读专练.docx

1、中考广州英语阅读专练中考广州英语阅读专练看表一：题序题型题量赋分考查目标一语法选择阅读短文，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项1515考查考生在实际语言中运用语法知识的能力。二完形填空阅读短文，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项1015考查考生在篇章层面综合运用逻辑判断手段进行词义辨析和搭配的能力；重点考查实词用法。三阅读理解第一节阅读理解阅读短文，选出最佳选项2040考查考生在阅读一般性书面英语的过程中获取和处理信息的能力。第二节阅读填空阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项55考查学生的语篇补全能力。四写作第一节单词拼写根据句子意思和所给的首字母写出所缺单词（每格限填一词）66考查考生在句的

2、层面上对单词的应用。第二节完成句子根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子（每格限填一词）714考查考生对英语五种基本句型、宾语从句、状语从句以及常用句型及词组的应用能力。第三节书面表达115考查考生根据提示进行书面表达的能力。合计64110思考：2018年广州又公布了新的改革方案（针对2017入学的初一新生），那么英语的分值比重会降低，那难度会降低吗？看表二：英语课程标准(2011年版)考试大纲1. 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3. 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；3. 能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物；4

3、. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；5. 能利用词典等工具书进行学习；6. 课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。1. 理解所读材料的主旨大意；2. 理解所读材料的具体信息；3. 根据上下文提供语境推测生词或知识、短句的意思；4. 对所读内容进行简单的判断和推理；5. 理解文段的基本逻辑结构；6. 推断作者的意图和态度；7. 理解阅读材料中的文化信息。看表三：2015年2016年2017年2018年1. 细节理解题（易/中/难）16（1）1311132. 推理判断题（中/难）13423. 词义猜测题（中）2114. 综合归纳题/主旨大意（难）31235. 排序题（中）116. 指代

4、题（中）17. 计算题（中）（1）8. 常识题（中）9. 文章来源题（难）1看表四：2016年2017年2018年A记叙文-帮助鲸鱼重回大海主要考查细节题、猜词题和排序题记叙文-人类与狗主要考查细节理解题、推断题、主旨题和猜词题记叙文-厨艺作品与爱好主要考查细节理解题、推断题、猜词题和主旨题B记叙文-茶引发的美国独立革命主要考查细节题、猜词题、推断题、主旨题记叙文-介绍一位发明家主要考查推断题、指代题、细节题和排序题说明文-餐厅的发展主要考查细节理解题、主旨题和推断题C说明文-植物电灯主要考查细节题、推断题和判断正误应用文-英国的图书馆主要考查细节理解题、推断题说明文-太空垃圾的危害主要考查细

5、节题和来源题D应用文-一项歌唱比赛的须知主要考查细节题说明文-打电话时的技巧主要考查细节理解题、推断题和主旨题应用文-推荐最受欢迎的书主要考查细节理解题和主旨题五、自查：影响学生英语阅读能力的因素（一）不良的阅读习惯1.出声阅读，此习惯的主要弊端就是影响了阅读速度。出声阅读往往以不同形式表现出来，不一定有声音，有时可能是无声地动动舌，喉，嘴唇等，但这无疑会阻碍眼睛的扫描速度，多了声音这一阶段，所以要训练养成直接利用视觉来阅读的好习惯。2.过于精读，由于平时英语教学着重于对词组的积累，长句难句的分析，很多学生在实际阅读中，往往边读边分析句子，碰到不懂的单词，停下来查字典。结果是句子读懂了，可对文

6、章的把握却不知所述，不仅影响了阅读速度，还扼杀了阅读兴趣。所以要培养自己猜词的能力，利用上下文意，而不是靠查字典。3.复读过于频繁，即指读完一句或一段，有回过头来再读一遍。这严重影响了阅读速度。这是学生阅读自信心不强的表现。（二）忽略阅读技巧大多数中学生在实际阅读中，都是简单地看似按顺序的操作，先文章，再来做题。有所不知的是，运用了一些阅读技巧之后，会达到事半功倍的效果，如，精读与泛读相结合，略读，寻读，以及猜词的技巧。灵活运用阅读技巧，能让阅读能力有一个质的飞跃。（三）阅读量小，知识面太窄大多数学生只在课堂上进行相关阅读训练，很少通过报刊，杂志去丰富自己，对于中西文化的差异的陌生，同样给阅读

7、带来不利影响。（四）阅读思维的欠缺部分学生满足于表层理解而忽视深层理解和评价性理解，对于不能在文中直接找到答案的题目，不知所措，缺乏对文章实质的理解及思考，所以要训练总揽全文大意的能力，通过语段归纳，主旨句的分析来提高这方面的能力。六、如何有效提高学生英语阅读能力（一）养成良好的阅读习惯，对于提高阅读能力至关重要，良好的阅读习惯是不通过出声，仅用视觉来完成对文章大意的把握及细节的处理。同时，也把阅读当成是件乐事，选择难度适中，生动有趣的文章对学生进行训练，培养自己的阅读信心，从而养成良好的阅读习惯，提高阅读理解能力。（二）训练阅读速度，通过对文章难易的判断后，来规定具体时间，如3min 完成短

8、片文章，5min中篇较难的文章，7min难度大的文章。长期坚持这种习惯，阅读速度能不断提高。（三）增加词语积累。词汇量大小直接影响学生阅读能力，这好比造房子要砖瓦材料，词汇就是阅读英语的砖瓦材料， 没有相当的英语词汇，阅读英语是无法进行的。在平时的英语教学中，要着重对重点词，词组的拓展，运用，以及词性，词形的强调和变化。（四）拓宽学生知识面，了解文章的文化背景、风土人情。英语被广泛运用于许多国家，有着丰富的人文内涵，随着经济全球化的进程，拓宽知识面，了解世界各地的文化和风土人情，对培养学生的英语阅读能力十分重要。语言交流涉及社会、政治、经济的各个方面，拥有较广知识面的人，看到各类文章都能够读得

9、懂。读懂还不够，还要与文化背景相结合，只有深刻了解文章文化背景、风土人情，经过分析、判断、推理，才能够更好地准确把握文章。在教学过程中，可以摘录一些内容与学生们讨论，交流，让他们能更多的了解文化的差异。（五）培养阅读能力，掌握阅读技巧是阅读教学中重点，精读与泛读的巧妙结合，对文章细节的捕捉，就精读细读到段到句。对于与段意，文意的掌握相关的题目，就通过泛读的方式获取。寻读，顾名思义，就是根据题目来寻找答案，这种技巧很直接，通常是任务型，如，人名，地点，时间，原因。可以直接从文章中找到。略读的要点就是有侧重性，当我们要确定文章的主题，作者的观点，文章的风格等，我们可以选择略读这种阅读技巧。猜词技巧

10、可分为以下几种：利用上下文意，利用构词法，如前缀-un，-in，后缀-able，-ful，-ness。利用定义线索，如文中出现which means，be called，that is 等标志性的词。（六）阅读思维的培养。与其说是培养阅读思维，不如说是培养语感，英语阅读中，语感很重要，语感来源于大量的阅读积累，只有大量的涉猎课外书籍，才能达到语感的质的飞跃，如英语周报阅读版，21世纪报，中国日报英文版，慢慢来，从易到难，从简到难，关键是对英语阅读兴趣的培养，渐渐的会发现自己的语感在潜移默化中提高了。 培养阅读能力，掌握阅读方法是学习中应该长期坚持，且只有经过不懈努力才能取得好的效果。阅读理解题

11、型-细节理解题（第1次课）一、设问方式： 此类题型的问题以what, who, which, when, where, how或why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答。二、提问方式：（很重要！）1）特殊疑问词提问类型How many ？What/who/when/where/how/why ?2）排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ?3）例证题类型The author gives the example in paragraph in order to 4） 表唯一细节概念题类型：t

12、he most / est the only 5）True or NOT true 是非判断类型 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ?三、解题方法：分步解读： 我们读完文章后，第一步工作就是审清题目。 第二步就是根据题目，定位文章了。 第三步就是仔细揣度文意，根据选项进行判断了。 注意： 在做题过程中要学生划出关键词四、经典示例：A. 事

13、实节细题There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening. .As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch

14、in the office every day.( ) (1) How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day? A. Just enough to buy chocolates. B. Just enough to buy a sandwich. C. Just enough to buy his lunch in a restaurant. D. Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.筒析：这是一道典型的事实询问题，因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。根据这段最后一句话，可以得知

15、D为正确答案。解这类题的主要方法是：1）明确题意。2）寻找答案来源。3）找准关键词。4）反复阅读。B.数据推算题此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。如： In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the school gate every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00pm. during

16、 the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m. at weekends. The library will keep its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m.( ) (3) At which of the following times will the bus leave the school gate? A. 8:00, 9:00, 1

17、0:00, 11:00 B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30 C. 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 D. 8:00, 9:30, 11:00,12:30简析：做此类题一要抓住有关的数据，二要从众多的信息中找出哪些是有用的信息，三要抓住一些关键词。注意文章中的第一句“every hour on the half hour.”意思为校车每小时发一次，发车时间在每一小时的半点上。故B是正确答案。C 数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计

18、算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。（2010年广州市中考题，A篇）It was a very hot afternoon, and we decided to cool off in the river near my home. As we climbed down a small rocky hill toward the water, my boyfriend John suddenly started to shout then jumped into the w

19、ater below. Peter and Mary quickly followed but I was too far away to jump. I was trapped46. How many people went swimming that day? A. Two. B. Three C. Four D. Five简析：my boyfriend John，Peter and Mary，I，选CD. 排列顺序题做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。The hardworking blacksmith Jones

20、used to work all day in his shop.The son of Mr. Smith, a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith every day and for hours and hours he would enjoy himself watching how the tradesman worked.“Young man, why dont you try your hand to learn to make shoe tacks (钉), even if it is only to pass the

21、 time?” said the blacksmith. “Who knows, one day, it may be of use to you.”The lazy boy began to see what he could do. But after a little practice he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he was making some of the finest tacks.Old Mr. Smith died and the son lost all his things because of

22、the war. He had to leave home and began to live a simple life in a small village in another country. In this village there were a lot of shoemakers who were spending a lot of money buying tacks for their shoes, and sometimes even when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they

23、wanted, because in that part of the country soldiers shoes were in great need.Our young Mr. Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks and had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers. He told th

24、em that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in the workshop. The shoemakers were very glad for the offer. And after a while, Mr. Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village.“How funny it seems,” he used to say, “even making tacks can make my life bet

25、ter. My skill is more useful to me than all my riches that Ive had before.”50. What is the right order of the events?a. Young Mr. Smith became a tack maker in the village.b. Young Smith learned the art of making tacks from Jones.c. Soldiers shoes were in great need during the ward. Young Smith had t

26、o move to another country.A.b d a c B. d a b c C.b d c a D.d c a b解析： 做这一类排序题，可以分为b, d两种开头的排序，从文章中意思，可以排除B、D选项，在A、C选项中，a与c 看一看，根据文中信息，可以排除A项，答案选CE 判断正误-“三错一对”题Shopping on the Internet or shopping online is becoming more and more popular. More and more people are using the Internet to buy things. Why

27、 do people use the Internet to shop? Some people say it is more convenient. They dont have to leave their homes to order something and they can shop for anything they want at any time, day or night. Some people say they can find things for sale that they cant find in the stores near their homes. Oth

28、er people say they can find better prices on the Internet. If you want to buy something on the Internet, you need a credit card（信用卡）. You can apply it from a bank.You have to give your credit card number and information to the website which sends them to the store over the Internet. You have to be s

29、ure that the store will not use your information in a wrong way. And if you dont want someone to get your credit card number and buy something else with it, of course, you should always be careful with your credit card number because people sometimes steal credit card numbers.For people who are too

30、nervous to shop online, the Internet is a good place for window-shopping. Window-shopping is when you go to a store and look at things for sale, but dont plan to buy anything. Window-shopping is easy on the Internet. You can see all kinds of things and how much they cost. You can visit stores with b

31、ranches near you, or you can visit stores that are only on the Internet.51. Which following is True about shopping online according to the passage?A. It can save people a lot of trouble. B. Nervous people choose to shop online.C. People dont have to use their credit card. D. People can buy only a few things on the Internet.解析：这类是“三错一对”，先要在ABCD选项里圈出关键词，如A选项里的“save t