1、动词现在分词的变化规则动词现在分词的变化规则:. 一般在动词末尾直接加ing. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e, 再加ing 如:skate - skating have - having ride - riding come - coming make - making dance - dancing write - writing.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母, 应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getti
2、ng.以ie结尾的动词,把ie变成y再加ing 如: lie - lying tie - tying die - dying一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下,动词后直接加s,如:works,gets,reads等。2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在后面加es,如:goes,teaches,washes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es,如:study-studies,try-tries,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have改为has,如:He has an interesting book .5、动词be
3、遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is。一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。 1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。在t后读ts,在d后读dz,如: stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读iz 如: flyflies z; carrycarries z study
4、studies z; worryworries 3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为iz 如: teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读z 如: gogoes z dodoes z 下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 如: 1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是s,z时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s” 一起读做iz。 如: closecloses iz 二、对比词形变化中原词词尾
5、变化之异同: 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象 例词: babybabies carrycarries studystudying(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词 动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如:cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set
6、-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如:lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent2. 改变单
7、词中间元音字母。如:sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caug
8、ht5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如:say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如: have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n
9、。如:blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-
10、gotten(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1) 规则变化 情况 例词 读音与说明 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 一般在动词原形后加-ed look looked looked lukt call called called kC:ld open opened opened 5EupEndneed neededneeded ni:did -ed在清辅音音素后发音为t,在浊辅音后发音为d,在元音后发音也为d -ed在t、d 后发音为id 但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed. 以-e结尾的动词加-d move moved move
11、d mu:vd phone phoned phoned fEundhope hoped hoped hEuptagree agreed agreed E5ri:d 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed study studied studied 5stQdid carry carriedcarried 5kArid try triedtried traid 以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play played played pleid enjoy enjoyed enjoyed in5dVCid stay stayed stayed steid 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音
12、节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop stopped stopped stCpt plan planned planned plAnd fit fitted fitted 5fitid 以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母, 再加-ed prefer preferred preferred prIf:d refer referred referred ri5fE: 2) 不规则变化 英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。 1动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。 cut(切) ,hit(打) ,cast(扔),hurt(伤害),put(放) ,let(让) shut(关
13、) ,cost(花费) ,set(放) ,rid(清除) ,2过去式与过去分词完全同形。 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 find(找到) pay(支付) leave(离开) lend(借出) meet(遇见) keep(保持) lose(丢失) teach(教) sit(坐) lead(引导) win(赢)除) 3动词原形与过去分词同形 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 come(来) came come run(跑) ran run become(成为) becamebecome 4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 give(给) gave given fl
14、y(飞) flew flown drink(喝) drank drunk see(看见) saw seen go(去) went gone know(知道) knew known wear(穿) wore worn speak(说) spoke spoken 5过去式和过去分词有两种形式 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 burn(燃烧)- burned /burnt -burned /burnt learn(学习)- learned /learnt -learned /learnt smell(闻)- smelled /smelt -smelled /smelt spell (拼写)- spel
15、led /spelt -spelled /spelt shine (照射)- shined /shone -shined /shone leap (跳)- leaped /leapt -leaped /leapt 提示 a. beat的过去式与原形同形: 比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词) b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同 比:lie lied, lied(说谎) lay, lain(躺,位于) c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同 比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑) hung, hung(挂,吊) d. wel
16、come(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词 比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正) welcome, welcome(误) e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词 比:hit(打) hit, hit(正) hitted, hitted(误) (三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-putlet-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hitshut-shut-shuthurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音 /e/lie
17、-lied-lied 说谎lay-laid-laid 放置,下蛋lay- lain 躺下,位于,平放eg. The hens dont _eggs during such cold weather.She _ her books on the table. _B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是 :tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caughtteach - taught -taught2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式
18、和过去分词。get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 3. 动词原形中i为a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat4. 动词原形中i为o, win-won-won shine-shone/ shined-shone / shined5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,say-said-said pay-paid-paid7. a)动词原形中的d为t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lentsp
19、end-spent-spent build-built-builtb ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lostc ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant 读音/e/d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept keep- kept- kept其它meet-met-methave-had-hadhold-held-heldmake-made-m
20、adedig-dug-dug hear-heard-heardfind-found-found hang-hung-hung C.原型与过去分词相同come-came-comerun-ran-runbecome-became-becomeD. 原形,过去式, 和 过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词begin - began -begundrink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rungswim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词blow-blew-blown gr
21、ow-grew-grown know-knew-knownthrow - threw - thrown fly -flew /flu:/ -flown ( 和以上相似)3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词drive-drove-drivenrise-rose-risenwrite-wrote-written (双写t )ride-rode-ridden (双写d )b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stol
22、en break-broke-brokenc ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词 wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten (双写t,加en )d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat-ate-eatenbeat- beat - beatenfall-fell-fallengive-gave-givensee-saw-seentake-took-takenmistake- mistook- mistakenhide-hid-hidd
23、en (双写d )E. 没有过去分词的动词can - could may- might shall- should will - would 其它am, is - was- been are-were- been do-did-donedraw-drew- drawngo-went- gone show-showed-shownwear- wore - worn不规则动词的过去式 不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下: 1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变如: becomebecame, c
24、omecame2把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如: beginbegan,drinkdrank,givegave,ringrang,singsang,sitsat,swimswam ,sinksank,3把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drivedrove,riderode,shineshone,winwon,writewrote 4动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: getgot,forgetforgot 5动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept 6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如: st
25、andstood,understandunderstood7改动词原形中的aw ow为ew,变成过去式。如: drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew(动词show除外,showshowed) 8动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: breakbroke,speakspoke 9动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如: sellsold,telltold 10以ought和aught结尾,且读音是 :t的过去式。如: bringbrought,buybought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如: cancould,shallshould,willwould12在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
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