状语从句 老师讲义.docx

1、状语从句 老师讲义善 学 堂 教 育 学 科 教 师 讲 义讲义编号： 副校长/组长签字： 签字日期： 学 员 编 号 ： 年 级 ：高三 课 时 数 ：学 员 姓 名 ： 辅 导 科 目 ： 英语 学 科 教 师 ：课 题授课日期及时段2015年 月 日教 学 目 的教 学 内 容 高中状语从句讲解+练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：1.Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from

2、sunrise to sunset . (介词短语做状语)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类

3、，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1 时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day， the instant, immediately , directly, no

4、sooner than, hardly when, scarcely WhenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to

5、 your advice, I get into trouble.2 地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as特殊引导词：seeing that（鉴于）, now that(既然), in that（因为）, considering that（考虑到）, giv

6、en that（考虑到，假定）, My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite

7、remarkable.4 目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest（唯恐，以免，免得）, in case, for fear that（生怕），in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that（为起见）The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that the stude

8、nts in the back could hear more clearly.5 结果状语从句常用引导词：so that, such that,特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt slee

9、p last night.6 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as（只要）, only if（只有）, providing/provided that（如果）, suppose that（假如）, in case that（万一，如果）, on condition that（如果） Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opp

10、osition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他，

11、我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough（不好，粗糙）.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as C is to D; no more than;

12、 not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.She behaved as if she were

13、the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.状语从句的省略原则主要是：如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定的变动把 状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下： 一、时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 While (I was) at college, I began

14、to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 Dont come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。 Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。 You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。 注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walkin

15、g, she found a nice shining thing on the ground. 二、地点状语从句中的省略 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary, Lay these books where （it is）possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。 Put in articles wherever （it is）necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。 三、条件状语从句中的省

16、略 常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如： Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，请送过来。 He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。 If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。 Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧.。 If (it is) true, this will cause us

17、a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。 There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。 四、让步状语从句中的省略 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。 Even if (I am

18、) invited to, I wont go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。 五、比较状语从句中的省略 She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。 She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected. 她这项工作比预料的提前完成。 六、方式状语从句中的省略 as if/as though后还可加n./a./ad./介词短语现在分词过去分词不定式。 He acts as if

19、 (he were) a fool. 他的行为举止好象是个傻子。 She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded. 她和陌生人谈话似乎很不在意。 He opened the desk, as if (he was) in search of something important. 他打抽屉仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。 The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for something lost on the sports gr

20、ound. 这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西。 The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg. 足球运动员在操场上打着滚似乎他的腿伤得厉害。 He moved his lips as if (he wanted )to speak. 他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么。状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) comple

21、ted , the museum will be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其

22、进行全面、透彻的了解。状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下几种状语从句中:由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对几种情形作一归纳。(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the

23、 difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:a.连词+形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard w

24、hen (you are) young, or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。b.连词+名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。c.连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌

25、曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。e.连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to

26、say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。

27、例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over, -）状语从句练习题1.Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. if B. unless C. for D. since3. We will work _ we are need

28、ed.A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as7. They will never suc

29、ceed, _ hard they try.A. because B. however C. when D. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. Because C. Though D. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as B. when C. since D. fo

30、r11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as if D. when12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When13. _ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though14. She was _ tired _

31、she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since B. until C. because D. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as though C. because D. until17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so the