高考英语人教版一轮复习必修5Unit3讲义.docx

1、高考英语人教版一轮复习必修5Unit3讲义话题词汇1civilization n文明2milestone n里程碑3disastrous adj.灾难性的4substitute v取代5innovative adj.创新的6advanced science尖端科学7technical innovation科技创新8sustainable development可持续发展9make progress取得进步10compared with/to和相比经典语篇请以“My Future Plan”为题，写一篇100词左右的英语短文。1我决定大学毕业后当一名中学教师，这是我孩提时代的梦想。2我很喜欢教师

2、这一职业，与中学生在一起可以让自己年轻。3我国师资力量缺乏，需要大批有志青年投身教育事业。佳作欣赏My Future PlanI decide to be a middle school teacher after college.There are many reasons that contribute to this decision.Firstly，since I was a little boy，I have been dreaming of being a teacher.And，I like so much to be with middle school students，wh

3、o are full of energy and imagination，and I am sure their passion would pass on to me.The most important reason is that our country needs plenty of teachers. So far，teaching is considered a tough and lowincome job in China. However，if we have not enough teachers，our future will lack excellent scienti

4、sts，managers，businessmen，soldiers and even good workers and farmers.How can our country be strong and wealthy？I wish our country to be a better one. I am ready to be a teacher and hope all the persons with lofty ideals may dedicate themselves to this meaningful career.思维发散1仿照第句完成句子政府决定推迟建新机场的原因就是：该计

5、划遭到当地农民的强烈抵制。The reason why the government decided to put off the plan to build a new airport was that the plan met with fierce opposition from local farmers.2用it作形式主语改写第句So far，it is considered that teaching is a tough and lowincome job in China.3仿照第句用wish翻译句子我多么希望我们在考试少的地方学习呀！How I wish we could s

6、tudy where there are fewer exams！.重点单词A写作单词1optimistic (adj.)乐观(主义)的2impression (n.)印象；感想；印记impress (v.)给留下印象3constant (adj.)时常发生的；连续不断的constantly (adv.)不断地4previous (adj.)在前的；早先的previously (adv.)先前，以前5guide (n.)指导；向导，导游；(vt.)指引；指导；guidance (n.)指导6tolerate (vt.)容忍；忍受tolerance (n.)容忍；忍受tolerant (adj.

7、)容忍的7lack (vi.& vt.)缺乏；没有；(n.)缺乏；短缺的东西lacking (adj.)没有的；缺乏的8desert (n.)沙漠；荒原deserted (adj.)无人居住的；被遗弃的9instant (n.)瞬间；片刻；(adj.)立即的；立刻的instantly (adv.)立即10settlement (n.)定居；解决settle (v.)解决；安定B阅读单词11mask (n.)面具；面罩；伪装12carriage (n.)运输工具；四轮马车；客车13fasten (vt.)系牢；扎牢14flash (vt.& vi.)(使)闪光；(使)闪现15switch (n.

8、)开关；转换；(vt.)转换16timetable (n.)时间表；时刻表17motivation (n.)动机18swallow (vt.)吞下；咽下19material (n.)原料；材料20recycle (vt.)回收利用；再利用21goods (n.)货物；商品22aspect (n.)方面；层面23uncertain (adj.)不确切的；无把握的24steward (n.)乘务员；服务员stewardess (n.)女乘务员25surroundings (n.)周围的事物；环境surrounding (adj.)周围的surround (v.)环绕26adjustment (n.

9、)调整；调节adjust (v.)调整；调节27press (vi.& vt.)按；压；逼迫；(n.)按；压；印刷；新闻pressure (n.)压力28mud (n.)泥(浆)muddy (adj.)泥泞的29receiver (n.)接受者；接收器receive (v.)接受；接收30ecology (n.)生态；生态学ecologist (n.)生态学家31greedy (adj.)贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的greed (n.)贪吃；贪婪；贪心32representative (n.)代表；典型人物；(adj.)典型的；有代表性的represent (v.)代表.重点短语1take up拿起

10、；接受；开始从事；继续2lose sight of.看不见3catch sight of.瞥见4sweep up打扫；横扫5speed up加速6slide into(快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进7be back on ones feet恢复；完全复原8in no time立刻.经典句式1At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一开始我周围新的环境让人难以忍受。2The air seemed thin，as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很

11、稀薄，好像在混合的气体中氧气剩下的很少。 3Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。4However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.然而，当我们到达了一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。5Just at that moment I had a “time

12、lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008.就在这个时候，我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回，这样就再次看到了似乎是2008年的那个地方。6Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。.课文语法填空Li Qiang couldnt believe that he had traveled to the year AD 3008 in 1.a time capsule.2Because this was his fir

13、st trip，he was worried and 3.unsettled(settle) so that he suffered 4.from “time lag”Besides，he was hit by the lack of fresh air.His guide，Wang Ping，who was very 5.understanding(understand)，gave him some green tablets and a mask,6.which helped him overcome the problems.However，Li Qiang experienced so

14、mething new.7.He flew above the ground in a hovering carriage.8.Arriving(arrive) home，he was shown into a large，bright clean room with a wall of trees.After eating something，he fell sound 9.asleep(sleep) in the bed that 10.was produced(produce) from the floor.1. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受(1)tolerate (sb.) do

15、ing.容忍(某人)做(2)tolerance n.容忍，忍耐力(3)tolerant adj.忍受的，容忍的，宽容的be tolerant of能忍受的，能容忍的 (1)He wont tolerate anyone questioning his decisions.他不容许别人对他的决定提出质疑。(2)Perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors.或许你应该对你的邻居更宽容些。多维训练(1)单句语法填空If I were her staff，I really wouldnt tolerate being scolded(scold)

16、by her every day.Tolerance (tolerate) consists in respecting the opinions of others.(2)一句多译我们不能容忍他的错误。We cannot tolerate his mistakes.(tolerate) We cannot be tolerant of his mistakes.(tolerant) 2 .lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有(have none or not enough)；n.缺乏；短缺的东西多词一义lack，be lacking in，be short of(1)be lacking i

17、n在方面缺乏,lack (for) sth.缺少某物(2)(a) lack of缺少for/through lack of因缺少(1)It lacks the power of the Italian cars.它没有意大利汽车动力强劲。(2)Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。(3)Many associations are breaking up for lack of money.许多社团因缺乏资金而纷纷解散。多维训练同义句改写(1)The green hand is lacking in pr

18、actical experience.(用short短语改写)The green hand is short of practical experience.(2)He lacks confidence.(用lacking改写)He is lacking in confidence.(3)Lack of confidence makes his father worried.(用what引导的主语从句改写)What makes his father worried is his lack of confidence.3. press n.压，按，挤；记者(journalists)；新闻界(ne

19、wspapers or magazines)；v.按，压(push)；催促，敦促(1)press sth.on sb.把(想法等)强加于某人press.against把压/贴在上(2)under pressure在压力下put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力(1)She pressed her guests to stay a little longer.她力劝客人们多待一会儿。(2)I dont want to put pressure on you to make a decision，but we havent much time left.我并不想催你做决定，只是我们剩下

20、的时间已经不多了。多维训练(1)单句语法填空With one problem pressing on his mind，he felt stressed(stress)You need to be able to work accurately under pressure.A hot cloth pressed against your jaw will usually soothe(缓解) a toothache.(2)同义句改写Under pressure from his parents，the boy is determined to stop playing video games

21、.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Pressed from his parents，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.4 instant adj.立即的；立刻的；速食的；n.瞬间；片刻应试指导the instant，instantly的连词用法多词一义the instant，the moment，the minute，the second，immediately，directlyin an instant立刻，马上for an instant片刻，一会儿instantly/the instant一就(用作连词，引导时间状语从句(1)

22、In an instant this crowd had overtaken and surrounded me.一下子，那群人追上了我，把我围了起来。(2)I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her.我一眼就认出是她。多维训练(1)根据提示语填空He stayed at his friends for an instant(一会儿) and left there in an instant(马上)The instant/Instantly(一就)he got home，he closed the door and was lost in tho

23、ught.(2)同义句改写Instantly I saw him，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.(用no sooner.than.改为倒装句)No sooner had I seen him than I knew he was the man the police were looking for.5. speed up加速；加快(1)at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速with all speed尽快地at a speed of以速度pick up/gather speed加速(2)s

24、low down减速(1)We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。(2)Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。(3)The train began to pick up speed.火车开始加速。多维训练根据提示语填空Yesterday Tom was driving home (1)at a speed of(以速度)150k

25、ph when he was stopped by a policeman.He was fined because of (2)speeding(超速)Therefore，on the rest way，he had (3)to slow down(减速)6. guide n.指南；指导；导游；向导(a person who shows the way)；vt.给某人领路(show the way)；指引，指导(direct)；影响(influence)；解释，阐明(explain)多维训练(1)单句语法填空It was she that guided the blind man to th

26、e street.Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.(2)同义句改写We were guided by a local guide and visited the famous church.Guided by a local guide，we visited the famous church.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)With a local guide guiding us，we visited the famous church.(用with复合结构改写)A local guide

27、 guiding us，we visited the famous church.(用独立主格结构改写)Under the guidance of a local guide，we visited the famous church.(用介词短语改写)7. switch v. 转变；改变；替换；n.开关；转换多维训练短语填空(1)According to the air traffic rules，you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.(2)You drive first and then well switch ove

28、r.(3)At first，the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country but halfway in his speech，he suddenly switched to another subject.(4)When a tape is put in the VCR，it switches on automatically.8. optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的多维训练(1)单句语法填空My good performance in the job interview left me

29、optimistic about my future and about what I can do here.(2)同义句改写The experts are optimistic about our success.(改为复合句)The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.9. take up拿起(pick up，lift)；接受(accept)；开始从事；继续(continue)；占用(fill or use space or time多维训练写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思(1)He did not particularly wa

30、nt to take up a competitive sport.开始从事(2)This chapter takes up where the last one left off.继续(3)This table takes up too much room.占据(4)The carpets had to be taken up when the house was rewired.拿起；掀起(5)She took up his offer of a drink.接受10. Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。句型公式：过去分词短语作状语过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。 (1)Built of steel，this machine has a greater strength.由于这台机器是用钢造的，它具有更大的强度。(2)Stopped by the guard，he produced his identity card.当被卫兵