人教版高中英语必修一语法短语总结.docx

1、人教版高中英语必修一语法短语总结 人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 ；现在进行时表将来；定语从句)宾语从句(：直接引语和间接引语)三大重要语法(必修一 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 经历，经受1.go through 通过；完成；接通电话get through 记下，放下2. set down 一系列3. a series of 有目的的on purpose 4 为了5. in order to 傍晚，黄昏时刻6. at dusk 面对面7. face to face 爱上8. fall in love 参加（活动）take part in 参加（某个活动）；9. join

2、 in 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）join 冷静下来10. calm down 遭受11. suffer from 感到厌倦对12. be/get tired of 关心13. be concerned about 相处融洽与14. get on/along well with 擅长于15. be good at/do well in 发现做某事是16. find it + adj. to do sth. 不再any longer 17. no longer / not ）n.太多（后接不可数18. too much adj.) 后接(太much too 才 直到until 19. n

3、ot并不开心 做s no pleasure doing sth 20. it 使某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人成为21. make sb. sth. 直接引语和间接引语-二、语法念概 ：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 ”m busy. I“Mr. Black said, 例： Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 1 （一）陈述句的变化规则（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示that直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 代词

4、、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 He said that he liked it very much. ” I like it very much.“1. He said, 例： ”v left my book in your room.“I2. He said to me, He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化 间接引语 直接引语 一般过去时 一般现在时 过去进行时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完

5、成时 例： said Anne. ”t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,I don“ t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. Anne said that she didn“The boy said, ”m using a knife.I The boy said that he was using a knife. 注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如： ”Light travels much faster than sound.“He said, He

6、 said that light travels much faster than sound. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 间接引语 直接引语 that this those these then now ago before/earlier that day today the day before yesterday 2 the next/following day tomorrow s time In two daythe day after tomorrow go come there here two days before/earlier the day befor

7、e yesterday 祈使句的变化规则) 二(的不定式，并根据句子to如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 。例：not等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上tell/ask/order意思在不定式前加上”Please sit down.“The hostess said to us, The hostess asked us to sit down. ”t make so much noise, boys.Don“He said, He told the boys not to make so much noise. （三）疑问句的变化规则 如果直接引

8、语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。 ask 时，要改为said或say一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是 : 引导的宾语从句。例if/whether 原问句变为由asked,或Do you think a diary can become your friend?“ the writer says. ” The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变2) 为陈述句。例：W

9、hat do you want?“ he asked me. ” He asked me what I wanted English around the world Unit two 一、重点短语 不同与1. be different from 一样与be the same as ）=each other相互，彼此（2. one another 官方语言3. official language 在4. at the end of 结束时 因为（后接名词或名词性短语）5. because of 因为（后接句子）because 说母语的人6. native speakers 3 根据，依据7.

10、be based on 目前；当今8. at present 特别，尤其9. especially 专门地specially 利用10. make use of 充分利用make the best of 大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）11. a large number of 的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）the number of 事实上12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 信不信由你13. believe it or not 没有这样的事 14. there is no such thing as 被期待做某事15. be exp

11、ected to 起作用在 16. play a part/role in 列清单17. make lists of 包括（前面接包括的对象）18. included Including 包括（后接包括的对象） 命令某人去做某事19. command sb. to do sth. 原）should+V从句（从句用command + that 要求某人做某事20. request sb. to do sth. ) 原should+V从句用(从句request + that 语气(request)）语气和请求command英语中的命令（-二、语法命令语气 ：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎

12、么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级 , the teacher said to us. ” Look at the example“1. 例： 2. Open the window! 请求语气 ：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌 She asked. ” Would you like to see my flat?“1. 例： 2. Would you please open the window? Unit 3 Travel journal 一、重点短语 泛指旅行1. travel- 4 指长时间长距离的陆上旅行journey- 指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行voyage- 常指短

13、时间短距离的旅行trip- 指周游，巡回旅游，tour- 更加喜欢，宁愿2. prefer to prefer A to B A ，更喜欢B比起 ，宁愿做比起做prefer doing to doing 不如, 与其做prefer to do rather than do 流过，流经3. flow through 自从4. ever since 说服某人做某事5. persuade sb. to do sth. 喜欢6. be fond of 坚持做某事7. insist on doing 从句（用insist + that 原）should+ V 关心8. care about 改变想法s

14、mind 9. change one 高度10. altitude 态度，看法attitude 11. make up one 下定决心做某事s mind to do = decide to do = make a decision to do 让步，屈服12. give in 放弃give up 13. be surprised to 感到惊奇对 令某人惊讶的是s surprise to one 最终14. at last = finally = in the end 停下来去做某事15. stop to do 停止做某事stop doing 像往常一样16. as usual 以至于 如此

15、 that17. so So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 熟悉（人作主语）对18. be familiar with 所熟悉（物作主语）为be familiar to 5 现在进行时表将来:二、语法 come/ 常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，现在进行时表将来， . 等go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do 我就来m coming. 1. I例： 你下个星期天做什么？2. what are you doing next Sund

16、ay ? 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. / 你们晚上待在哪里4. Where are you staying at night? Unit four Earthquakes 一、重点短语 ）= at once = in no time立刻，马上（1. right away 入睡）fall asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（2. asleep 睡；睡眠sleep 犯困的sleepy ；似乎 看来好像 3. it seems that/ as if 成为废墟4. in ruins 的数量（谓语动词用单数

17、）5. the number of 大量（谓语动词用复数）a number of 6. rescue workers 营救人员 营救某人s rescue Come to one 被困7. be trapped 多长时间8. how long 多久，指平率how often 时间段回答）in+还要多久（用于将来时当中，用how soon 成千上万的9. hundreds of thousands of 挖出10. dig out 常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”,”动摇，震动“泛指11. shake- 1. She felt the earth shaking under him.

18、例： 2. She was shaken with anger. 指较强烈的震动，如地震quake- : The building quaked on its foundation 例 6 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖Tremble- Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. 例： 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦Shiver- A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver. 例： 引起give rise to 无被动

19、语态； 上升；升起，risen)- vi, 12. rise (rose 举起；筹集；养育- vt, ）raisedraised（Raise Arise ( arose 出现（常指问题或现象）arisen)-vt, 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害13. injure- He was injured in a car accident. 例： 泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的harm- 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 例： 2. His business was harmed f

20、or some reason. 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害hurt- 1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 例： 2. He felt hurt at your word. 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤wound- The bullet wounded him in the arm. 例： 做准备为 = make preparations for14. be prepared for 表示敬意；为纪念向s honor 15. in one 感到很荣幸做 Be/ feel honored to do 发言16. make /give/ deli

21、ver a speech 开幕词opening speech 向17. give/ provide shelter to 提供庇护所 躲避seek shelter from 遭遇，发生18. happen to + n./ pron. 偶然；碰巧happen to do sth. 指偶然发生happen - 指事先计划好的事情发生take place- 定语从句-二、语法概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 成分所有格whom,宾格为who(，which，that：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句why，when，whe

22、re；或者关系副词whose)为 7 之间，起着连接主从句的作用。 的用法that关系代词1. 在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语that关系代词指物，作主语A plane is a machine that can fly. (）1例：) ) 指物，作宾语The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (）2 ) 指人，作主语Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (）3指人，作宾语s sister,(The girl (that) we saw yesterday was

23、 Jim）4) 的用法which关系代词 2. 在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语which关系代词 ) 作主语t need much water. (They planted some trees which didn）1例： ) 作宾语The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (）2 的用法whom，who关系代词3. 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语who,whom 关系代词 ) 作主语The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(）1例： 、)

24、作宾语The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (）2 在的用法whose关系代词4. 关系代词 和它所whose的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，who为关系代词whose 修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。指人，作主语This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (）1例： ) ) 指物，作主语The room whose window faces south is mine. ( ）2 ) 指物，作宾语ve forgotten. (

25、IHe has written a book whose name ）3 5. 的用法when关系副词 在定语从句中作时间状语when关系副词 ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm. I）1例： 2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago? 在定语从句中的用法where关系副词6. 在定语从句中做地点状语where关系副词 This is the place where( =at/ i

26、n which) we first met. ）1例： t very clean. 2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn why关系副词7. 在定语从句中的用法 在定语从句中作原因状语why关系副词 t get a pay rise, but this wasn: 1). I didn例 t the reason why(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train. 8 a modern her

27、o Unit 5 Nelson Mandela 一、重点词汇 自私的1. selfish 无私的selfless 致力于；献身于 2. devote oneself to对抗，反对3. fight against 而战 为fight for 原则4. principle 校长；主要的principal 提供指导给5. offer guidance to 失业6. out of work 加入（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员）7. join 参加（活动）join in 参加（活动）take part in 尽可能8. as + adj +as one can = as + adj. +as poss

28、ible ）=in fact事实上（9. as a matter of fact 爆炸，炸掉10. blow up ; 建立11. set up ）set about doing sth. 着手，开始做（set about ）set out to do sth.开始，出发（set out ; 出发，动身set off 被判12. be sentenced to 相等；胜任与13. be equal to 感到自豪为14. be proud of 散发出（气味）give off （ 分发15. give out 为16. die for 而死 死于（自身原因，如疾病）die of 死于（外在原因，如车祸）die from 的梦想.实现 s dream of 17. realize one 位于句首时，要主谓倒装18. only Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 例： Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 9 定语从句-二语法 详见第四单元 10