1、王长喜六级考试标准阅读60篇第四十一篇:(Unit11,Passage1) Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountryfrom82to110millionbetween1973and1985thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyinnoblue-collarjobsThistrendisthesameinalld
2、evelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionofthelaborforceInmanufacturingthandevelopedcountriesnowemployinfarmingatmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18milli
3、onpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymorethanonethirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughprod
4、uctionmightbe50percenthigher.Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesametimesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain“developed.”Theattempttopreservesuchbluecollarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionf
5、orunemploymentThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreitthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapit
6、alformanuallabor.Wherewespokeofmechanizationafewdecadesago,wenowspeakof“robotization“or“automation.”Thisisactuallymoreachangeinterminologythanachangeinreality.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofmanhoursrequiredtoproduceamotorcarbysome80percentintwoorthreeyearsfarmorethanany
7、oneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleterobotization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganew,sharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachinesthatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates_.A.thedegreetowhichacountrysproductionisrob
8、otizedB.areductioninacountrysmanufacturingindustriesC.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagementD.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry2.Accordingtotheauthor,incoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertremaincompetitive,oughtto_.A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collar
9、workforceB.preservebluecollarjobsforinternationalcompetitionC.acceleratemotorcanmanufacturinginHenryFordsstyleD.solvetheproblemofunemployment3.Americanpoliticiansandlaborleaderstendtodislike_.A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomyB.anincreaseinbluecollarworkforceC.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproduc
10、tionD.adropinthebluecollarjobopportunities4.Theword“prescription”in“aprescriptionforunemployment”maybetheequivalentto_A.somethingrecommendedasmedicaltreatmentB.awaysuggestedtoovercomesomedifficultyC.somemeasurestakeninadvanceD.adevicetodire5.Thispassagemayhavebeenexceptedfrom_A.amagazineaboutcapital
11、investmentB.anarticleonautomationC.amotor-carmagazineD.anarticleonglobaleconomy第41篇答案:AADCD 第42篇:(Unit11,Passage2)Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,onthemeaningof“future”.Ifoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillha
12、vesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.G.Wellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Per
13、hapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortar(泥灰,灰浆)willlonghavegoneoutoffashion.Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworldsrapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscenturyisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousin
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