高考第一轮复习语法复习介词考点.docx

1、高考第一轮复习语法复习介词考点年 级高三学 科英语版 本外研社内容标题高三第一轮复习：介词考点编稿老师闫铭【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：介词考点二. 重难点讲解：典型陷阱题分析1. “You went late _ the stadium yesterday evening, didnt you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _ the supper.”A. to, with B. for, withC. for, for D. at, for陷阱：容易误选 B 或D。分析：答案应选 A。第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词，用以修饰 go

2、 to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了（=be late in doing sth）。比较：We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。We were late with dinner =in having dinner. 我们吃饭吃得迟。句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。2. We were

3、all worried over _ you were sick.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that陷阱：容易误选 A 或 B。分析：答案应选 D。按英语习惯，除except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常不能直接跟 that 从句作宾语。遇此情况，通常是在 that 从句前加上 the fact，此时 the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后 that 从句则用作 the fact 的同位语。请看类似试题（答案均选D）：（1） They knew nothing about _ he was a thief.A. that B. whic

4、hC. what D. the fact that（2） She must face up to _ she is no longer young.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that（3） What he said at the meeting referred to _ he was interested in the project.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that（4） Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty preve

5、nts murder.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that（5） The writer is not satisfied with _ buses are too crowded.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that3. Sometimes our opinions differ _ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observedA. which B. sinceC. because D. because of陷阱：容易误选

6、C。因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。分析：此题答案选D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用“引导词”。如：He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。They cant have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it the

7、mselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。假若，一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。如：She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。He lost his job because of how he tre

8、ated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度（不好）而丢了工作。句中的 how 相当于 the way in which，也就是说 how he treated his boss相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语，而in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_ 1995, when I graduated from college.”A. After B. I

9、nC. From D. Since陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：“When did you became an actor?” “_ 1995, when I graduated from college.”A. After B. InC. From D. Since此题选B，因为问句问的是when（何时），所以用 in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。请再看两题：（1） “How long have you worked on the farm?” “_

10、the end of last year.”A. In B. ByC. At D. Since答案选D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问“工作了多久”，答句说“自去年年底至今”。（2） “How long will you work on the farm?” “_ the end of next year.”A. In B. ByC. At D. Since答案选B，问句问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作明年明底”。（3） “When did you leave the farm?” “_ the end of last year.”A.

11、 In B. ByC. At D. Since答案选C，问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年明底离开”。5. Dont be angry _ me for not having written. I was really too busy.A. about B. withC. to D. for陷阱：容易误选B。根据汉语的“对某人生气”，将其中的“对”直译为to。分析：最佳答案为 B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with at sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at about sth（在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但不说 be

12、angry with sb）。比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：你对这些安排感到满意吗?误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements? 正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?老师应该对他的学生严格要求。误：Teachers should be strict to their students.正：Teachers should be strict with their students.6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to

13、keep in touch _ writing often.A. with B. ofC. on D. by陷阱：容易误选A。根据 keep in touch with （与保持联系）这一常用搭配推出。分析：正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例（均与介词搭配有关）：（1） Weve talked a lot _ films. How _ television now?A. of, with B. with, towardsC. about, about D. for, about此题不要受 a lot of

14、的影响而误选A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?” What about意为“怎么样”，用于征求意见。（2） We all regarded the poor old man _sympathy.A. as B. withC. of D. by有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard as （把当作）这一搭

15、配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。【典型例题】1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _ the coast of Bermuda Island.A. off B. alongC. on D. around2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just _ this Monday.”A. on B. sinceC. until D. after3. The lift in

16、 that tall building went wrong and got trapped _ floors. People in it had no way to get out.A. in B. betweenC. among D. on 4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain _ flood.”A. as well as B. so long asC. because of D. in case

17、of5. _ their inexperience, theyve done a good job. A. Given B. SupposedC. Considered D. Concluded6. They promise that the work would all be finished _ next week. A. until B. inC. by D. to7. _ reading the letter, what has he done?A. Because of B. ExceptC. Besides D. But for8. “How did the robber get

18、in?” “_ an open window on the first floor.”A. Past B. FromC. Over D. Through9. She knew nothing about his journey _ he was likely to be away for three months. A. Except B. except forC. except that D. in addition 10. He usually goes to work by bike _ it rains.A .except B. except whenC. except for D.

19、except that11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _ the hot weather.A. besides B. except forC. except D. except that12. _ the weather, we had a pleasant time.A. Except B. Except forC. But D. Besides13. He always did well at school _ having to do parttime jobs every now and then

20、. A. in spite of B. instead ofC. in case of D. in favor of14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got _ the plane.A. around B. abroadC. aboard D. ahead答案与解析：1. 选A。off 用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我们家离大路大约有20米远。The ship anchore

21、d a mile off the coast. 轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。2. 选B。此答句为省略句，补充完整为：Ive stayed in this hotel since this Monday.3. 选 B。between floors 指在两层楼之间。类例地，以下各例也选between：Dont eat anything _ meals if you want to lose weight.4. 选D。复合介词in case of有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为“如果”；二是表示目的，意为“以防”。如：In case of fire, call 119. 万一失火，就打119电话

22、。Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。5. 选A，given 在此用作介词，意为“考虑到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。6. 选C，by 意为“最迟到之前，到的时候已经”。类例地，下面一题也选by：The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _5:40 p.m. at the latest.A. until B. afterC. around D. by7

23、. 选C。besides 意为“除之外，还”。又如：He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动?8. 选D。through 意为“穿过，贯穿，经过，透过”。又如：The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。I saw you through the window. 我是透过窗子看到你的

24、。9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。10. 选B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“当的时候”的意思，而后者则没有这个意思。11. 选B。except 与 except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。12. 选B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的对象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。13. 选A。比较：in spite of=虽然，尽管仍；instead

25、 of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假设，万一；in favour of=赞同，有利于。14. 选C。aboard 用作介词时意思“在（船、飞机、车）上”、“上（船、飞机、车）”。参考资料：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代

26、词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1. 作定语：The book on the table is mine.2. 作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3. 作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4. 作宾语补足语：I found him in the

27、office.（二）主要介词区别1. 表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in

28、the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2. 表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3. 表示时间的in和after

29、：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.4. 表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to

30、指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5. 表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6. 表示“穿过”的through和

31、across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7. in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corne